主谓一致集合名词

发布网友 发布时间：2024-10-20 23:06

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热心网友 时间：2024-10-21 01:42

集合名词作主语时，主谓一致关系较为复杂，需从“数”的角度进行分类。主要分为四类：

第一类为“单数—复数型”，这类名词具有复数词尾变化形式，如“a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews”。这类名词强调整体性，当作一个整体或多个整体看待。单数形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数；复数形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：“A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.”、“The government has decided to pass the bill.”、“There are huge crowds in the streets on Sunday.”、“There are many English-speaking peoples in the world.”

第二类为“单数型”，表示整体，如“humanity,mankind,proletariat”。这类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。例如：“The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of proction and scientific experiment,mankind makes constant progress.”

第三类为“复数型”，这类名词在形式和内容上存在矛盾，即只有单数形式但表达复数概念，强调集体中的个体性。常见的名词有“police,cattle,faculty,flock,machinery,vermin,personnel”。这类名词作主语，谓语动词用复数。例如：“The police have caught the murder.”、“Our personnel are very highly trained.”、“The vermin are very dangerous.”

第四类为“单复同形型”，这类名词的单数形式既可表示单数也可表示复数。作主语时，可用单数动词或复数动词，具体看语境，是强调集体还是个体。这类名词常见有“class,family,team,crew,board,herd,committee,party,jury,enemy,audience”。

根据说话人的心理意向，将集合名词所代表的人或事物视为整体则用单数，视为若干个体则用复数。如：“The football team is playing well.”、“The football team are shavings bath and are then coming back here for tea.”、“The family is a very happy one.”、“That family are very pleased about the news of William's success.”

语法形式上要一致，即用作主语的名词中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上一致。 意义上要一致，即主语和谓语的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义。 就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，