Part Ⅰ Writing
Directions: For this, part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.\"
1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切 2. 为了孩子独立，父母应该……
PartⅡ Reading Comprehension (SKimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7 choose the best
answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
A Grassroots Remedy
Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go fishing, sit in the garden, drink outside rather than inside the pub, have a picnic, live in the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers(慢跑者) jog, they don't run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not.
But despite this, our children are growing up nature-deprived (丧失) . I spent my boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient freedoms, due to problems like crime, traffic, the loss of the open spaces and odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found.
The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and the children were assessed for ADHD—attention deficit
hyperactivity disorder(多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view-improved just 4%.
A study in Sweden indicated that kindergarden children who could play in a natural environment had less illness and greater physical ability than children used only to a normal playground. A US study suggested that when a school gave children access to a natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school.
Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy(等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the
children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imaginations and creativity.
Most bullying(恃强凌弱) is found in schools where there is a tarmac(柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streamham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in comers fantasising about wildlife.
But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might
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cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls.
One of the great problems of modem childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated with drugs. Yet one study after another indicates that contact with nature gives huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places.
The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality.
In wider and more difficult areas of life, there is evidence to indicate that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world.
Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study. \"A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.\" Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution.
We tend to look on nature conservation as some kind of favour that human beings are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, but the very idea that humanity and the natural world are separable things is profoundly damaging.
Human beings are a species of mammals(哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given or received a bunch of flowers or chosen to walk through the park on nice day, understands that.
We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our
happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. Without other living things around us we are less than human.
Five ways to find harmony with the natural world
Walk: Break the rhythm of permanently being under a roof. Get off a stop earlier, make a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb.
Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that's not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed.
Drink: The best way to enjoy the natural world is by yourself; the second best way is in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background.
Learn: Expand your boundaries. Learn five species of birds, five butterflies, five trees, five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds, gradually to the greater amount of wildness in your life.
Travel: The places you always wanted to visit: by the seaside, in the country, in the hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it; for the scenery, for the way through the woods, for the birds, for the bees. Go somewhere special and bring specialness home. It lasts forever, after all.
1. What is the author's profound belief?
A) People instinctively seek nature in different ways. B) People should spend most of their lives in the wild. C) People have quite different perceptions of nature.
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D) People must make more efforts to study nature.
2. What does the author say people prefer for their children nowadays? A) People freedom.
B) Things that are natural. C) Urban surroundings.
D) Things that are purchased.
3. What does a study in Sweden show?
A) The natural environment can help children learn better.
B) More access to the nature makes children less likely to fall ill. C) A good playground helps kids develop their physical abilities. D) Natural views can prevent children from developing ADHD. 4. Children who have chances to explore natural areas______. A) tend to develop a strong love for science. B) are more likely to fantasise about wildlife. C) tend to be physically tougher in adulthood. D) are less likely to be involved in bullying.
5. What does the author suggest we do to help children with ADHD? A) Find more effective drugs for them. B) Provide more green spaces for them. C) Place them under more personal care.
D) Engage them in more meaningful activities.
6. In what way do elderly people benefit from their contact with nature? A) They look on life optimistically. B) They enjoy a life of better quality. C) They are able to live longer. D) They become good-humored.
7. Dr william Bird suggests in his study that______.
A) humanity and nature are complementary to each other. B) wild places may induce impulsive behaviour in people. C) access to nature contributes to the reduction of violence. D) it takes a long time to restore nature once damaged.
8. It is extremely harmful to think that humanity and the natural world can be______.
9. The author believes that we would not be so civilised without______.
10. The five suggestions the author gives at the end of the passage are meant to encourage people to seek ______ with the natural world.
PartⅢ Listening Comprehension Section A
Directions: In this section you will hear 8 short conversationas and 2 long eonversationa. At the end of each conversation one or more queastions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four ehoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which the best answer Thee mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throgh the centre.
11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can't stand the hot weather. C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.
12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company.
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B) What her job prospects are.
C) What the customers' feedback is. D) The director's opinion of her work. 13. A) Combine her training with dieting. B) Repeat the training every three days. C) Avoid excessive physical training. D) Include weightlifting in the program. 14. A) When she will return home. B) Whether she can go by herself. C) Whether she can travel by air.
D) When she will completely recover.
15. A) The woman knows how- to deal with the police. B) The woman had been fined many times before. C) The woman had violated traffic regulations. D) The woman is good at finding excused. 16. A) Switch offthe refrigerator for a while. B) Have someone repair the refrigerator. C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality.
17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B) He has got enough money to buy a house. C) He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D) He is moving into a bigger apartment. 18. A) She is black and blue all over. B) She has to go to see a doctor.
C) She stayed away from work for a few days. D) She got hurt in an accident yesterday.
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. A) She was a bank manager. B) She was a victim of the robbery. C) She was a defence lawyer.
D) She was a witness to the crime.
20. A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache. B) A youth with a distinguishing mark on his face. C) A thirty-year-old guy wearing a light seater. D) A medium-sized young man carring a gun. 21. A) Identify the suspect from pictures. B) Go upstairs to sign some document. C) Have her photo taken for her files. D) Verify the record of what she had said.
Questions 22 to 25 are based on hte conversation you have just heard. 22. A) By reading a newspaper ad. B) By seeing a commercial on TV. C) By listening to the morning news. D) By calling an employment service.
23. A) She could improve her foreign languages.
B) She could work close to her family. C) She could travel overseas frequently. D) She could use her previous experiences. 24. A) Taking management courses. B) Teaching English at a university.
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C) Working as a secretary.
D) Studying for a degree in French.
25. A) Prepare for an interview in a couple of days. B) Read the advertisement again for more details. C) Send in a written application as soon as possible. D) Get to know the candidates on the short list. Section B
Directions: In this section you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresonding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 26. A) They cannot see the firefighters because of the smoke. B) The do not realize the danger they are in.
C) They cannot hear the firefighters for the noise. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.
27. A) He travels all over America to help put out fires. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire. C) He teaches Spanish in a Sat Francisco community. D) He provides oxygen masks to children free of charge. 28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food. B) He rescued a student from a big fire. C) He is very good at public speaking.
D) He gives informative talks to young children.
29. A) Firefighters play an important role in America. B) Kids should learn not to be afraid of monsters. C) Carelessness can result in tragedies. D) Informative speeches can save lives. Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. A) To satisfy the needs of their family. B) To fully realize their potential.
C) To make money for early retirement. D) To gain a sense of their personal worth.
31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age. B) They may regret the time they wasted.
C) The may have nobody to depend on in the future. D) They may have fewer job opportunities. 32. A) Making wise use of your time. B) Enjoying yourself while you can. C) Saving as much as you can. D) Working hard and playing hard. Passage Three
Questions 33 to 35 based on the passage you have just heard. 33. A) Hardworking students being accused of cheating. B) Boy students being often treated as law-breaking. C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly. D) Junior employees being made to work overtime.
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34. A) Forbidding students to take food out of the restaurant. B) Requesting customers to pay before taking the food. C) Asking customers to leave their bags on the counters. D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time. 35. A) He was taken to the manager. B) He was closely watched. C) He was asked to leave. D) He was overcharged. Section C
Directions: In this' section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard For blanks'
numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks; you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finall when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.
Writing keeps us in touch with other people. We write to communicate with relatives and friends. We write to (36) our family histories so our children and grandchildren can learn and (37) their heritrage (传统). With computers and Internet connections in so many (38) , colleges, and businesses, people are e-mailing friends and relatives all the time--or talking to them in writing in on line (39) rooms. It is cheaper than calling long distance, and a lot more (40) than waiting until Sunday for the telephone (41) to drop. Students are e-mailing their professors to (42) and discuss their classroom assignments andto (43) them. They are e-mailing classmates to discuss and collaborate (合作) on homework. (44) Despite the growing importance of computer, however, there will always be a place and need for the personal letter. (45) . No matter what the content of the message, its real point is, \"I want you to know that I care about you.\" (46) . but only in the success of human relationships.
PartⅣ Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each chowe in the bank is identified by a letten Please mark the
corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre, You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.
What determines the kind of person you are? What factors make you more or less bold, intelligent, or able to read a map? All of these are influenced by the
interaction of your genes and the environment in which you were (47) . The study of how genes and environment interact to influence (48) activity is known as behavioral genetics. Behavioral genetics has made important (49) to the biological revolution, providing information about the extent to which biology influences mind, brain and behavior.
Any research that suggests that (50) to perform certain behaviors are based in biology is controversial. Who wants to be told that there are limitations to what you can (51) based on something that is beyond your control, such as your genes? Its is
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easy to accept that genes control physical characteristics such as sex, race and eye color. But can genes also determine whether people will get divorced, how (52) they are, or what career they are likely to choose? A concern of psychological scientists is the (53) to which all of these characteristics are influenced by nature and nurture (养育) , by genetic makeup and the environment. Increasingly, science (54) that genes lay the groundwork for many human traits. From this perspective, people are born (55) like undeveloped photographs: The image is already captured, but the way it (56) appears can vary based on the development process. However, the basic picture is there from the beginning. A) abilities I) extent B) achieve J) indicates C) appeal K) proceeds D) complaints L) psychological E) contributions M) raised F) displayed N) smart G) essentially O) standard H) eventually Section B Directions: There are 2 passages. in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices' markedA), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.
It is pretty much a one-way street.While it may be common for university
researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction. Pay has always been the biggest deterrent, as people with families often feel they cannot afford the drop in salary when moving to a university job. For some industrial scientists, however, the attractions of academia(学术界) outweigh any financial considerations.
Helen Lee took a 70% cut in salary when she moved from a senior post in Abbott Laboratories to a medical department at the University of Cambridge. Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions. Some areas of inquiry have few prospects of a commercial return, and Lee'ss one of them.
The impact of a salary cut is probably less severe for a scientist in the early stages of a career. Guy Grant, now a research associate at the Unilever Centre for Molecular informatics at the University of Cambridge, spent two years working for a pharmaceutical(制的) company before returning to university as a post-doctoral researcher. He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.
Higher up the ladder, where a pay cut is usually more significant, the demand for scientists with a wealth of experience in industry is forcing universities to make the transition (转换) to academia more attractive, according to Lee. Industrial scientists tend to receive training that academics do not, such as how to build a
multidisciplinary team, manage budgets and negotiate contracts. They are also well placed to bring something extra to the teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate, says Lee, perhaps experience in nanufacturing practice or product development. \"Only a small number of undergraduates will
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continue in an academic career. So someone leaving university who already has the skills needed to work in an industrial lab has far more potential in the job market than someone who has spent all their time on a narrow research project.\"
57. By \"a one-way street\"(Line 1, Para 1), the author means______. A) university researchers know little about the commercial world B) there is little exchange between industry and academia C) few industrial scientists would quit to work in a university D) few university professors are willing to do industrial research
58. The word \"deterrent\"(Line 3,Paral) most probably refers to something that______.
A) keeps someone from taking action B) helps to move the traffic C) attracts people's attention
D) brings someone a financial burden
59. What was Helen Lee's major consideration when she changed her job in the middle of her career?
A) Flexible work hours. B) Her research interests.
C) Her preference for the lifestyle on campus. D) Prospects of academic accomplishments.
60. Guy Grant chose to work as a researcher at Cambridge in order to______. A) do financially more rewarding work. B) raise his status in the academic world. C) enrich his experience in medical research. D) exploit better intellectual opportunities.
61. What contribution can industrial scientists make when they come to teach in a university?
A) Increase its graduates' competitiveness in the job market. B) Develop its students' potential in research.
C) Help it to obtain financial support from industry. D) Gear its research towards practical applications. Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.
Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends, neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest
longevity(长寿) boost seems to come from marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and
widowers(鳏夫) were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's. The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.
Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip side, however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of
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more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.
So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic
factors, heath-service provision, emotional support and other more physiological(生理的) mechanisms. For example, social contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance of depression later in life. People in supportive relationship may handle stress better. Then there are the psychological benefits of a supportive partner.
A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate social network is still being mapped out, but as Christakis say: \"People are interconnected, so lheir health is interconnected.\"
62. Willian Farr's study and other studies show that ______. A) social life provides an effective cure for illness B) being sociable helps improve one's quality of life C) women benefit more than men from marriage D) marriage contributes a great deal to longevity
63. Linda Waite's studies support the idea that ______. A) older men should quit smoking to stay healthy B) marriage can help make for ill health
C) the married are happier than the unmarried
D) unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life
64. It can be inferred from the context that the \"flip side\"(Line 5, Para. 2) refers to ______.
A) the disadvantages of being married
B) the emotional problems arising from marriage C) the responsibility of taking care of one's family D) the consequence of a broken marriage
65. What does the author say about social networks? A) They have effects similar to those of a marriage. B) They help develop people's community spirit. C) They provide timely support for those in need. D) They help relieve people of their life's burdens. 66. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A) It's important that we develop a social network when young. B) To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network. C) Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span. D) We should share our social networks with each other.
PartⅤ Cloze
Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.
Over half the world's people now live in cities. The latest \"Global Report on Human Settlements\" says a significant change took place last year. The report (67) this week from U.N. Habitat, a United Nations agency.
A century ago, (68) than five percent of all people lived in cities. (69) the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or (70) six and a half billion people. Already three-fourths of people in (70) countries live in cities. Now most urban population (72) is in the developing world.
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Urbanization can (73) to social and economic progress, but also put (74) on cities to provide housing and (75) . The new report says almost two hundred thousand people move (76) cities and towns each day. It says worsening inequalities, (77) by social divisions and differences in (78) , could result in violence and crime (79) cities plan better.
Another issue is urban sprawl(无序展的城区) . This is where cities (80) quickly into rural areas, sometimes (81) a much faster rate than urban population growth. Sprawl is (82) in the United States. Americans move a lot. In a recent study, Art Hall at the University of Kansas found that people are moving away from the (83) cities to smaller ones. He sees a (84) toward \"deurbanization\" across the nation. (85) urban economies still provide many (86) that rural areas do not. 67. A) came on B) came off C) came over D ) came out 68. A) more B) other C) less D) rather 69. A) By B) Through C) Along D) To 70. A) really B) barely C) ever D) almost 71. A) flourishing B) developed C) thriving D) fertile 72. A) extension B) addition C) raise D) growth 73. A) keep B) turn C) lead D) refer 74. A) pressure B) load C) restraint D) weight 75. A) surroundings B) communities C) concerns D) services 76. A) onto B) into C) around D) upon 77. A) pulled B) driven C) drawn D) pressed 78. A) situation B) wealth C) treasure D) category 79. A) when B) if C) unless D) whereas 80. A) expand B) split C) invade D) enlarge 81. A) in B) beyond C) with D) at
82. A) common B) conventional C) ordinary D) frequent 83. A) essential B) prior C) primitive D) major 84. A) trend B) style C) direction D) path 85. A) Then B) But C) For D) While 86. A) abilities B) qualities C) possibilities D) realities
PartⅥ Translation
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating tinto English the Chinese given in brackets. Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2.
87. ______(为了确保他参加会议) , I called him up in advance.
88. The significant museum ______ (据说建成于) about a hundred years ago. 89. There would be no life on earth ______ (没有地球独特的环境)。
90. ______ (给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people.
91. They requested that ______ (我借的书换回图书馆) by next Friday.
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2010年大学四级英语考试
参考答案：
[作文]
How should parents help children to be independent?
This is a thought-provoking social phenomenon that parents monopolize their children's everything. From going to university, selecting majors to hunting for a job, parents make every crucial decision for their sons and daughters.
No doubt, what the parents do leads to a most serious problem—children are badly dependent on parental help. Every morning the children wake up, but they don't know what they should do and how they could do. They lose the ability to take care of themselves, and in turn, lose the opportunity to succeed.
Stop! Please. Don't keep on spoiling the children anymore, because they need independence. These are some suggestions for
parents. Firstly, parents should create an independent climate for their children. Secondly, parents should try to help children
maintain their independence. Finally, parents should always believe that their children have the ability to make their own decisions in their lives.
Helping children towards independence will always be our businesses.
[快速阅读] (1) A
[解析] 问题是作者的profound belief，第一段的最后一句给出了答案，whether we know we are doing so or not (不管我们知道与否)相当于句中的instinctively (本能地)。
(2) D
[解析] 文中第二段最后一句给出了答案，\"odd new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought\"，奇怪的新观念，什么对孩子最好，能买到的东西。
(3) B
[解析] 瑞典研究出现在文中的第四段第一句，在自然环境中玩耍的幼儿园小朋友比在运动场玩耍的小朋友少患病，身体也更健康。很明显，B选项最符合语意。
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(4) D
[解析] 此题对应的是第六段的第一句，the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore，恃强凌弱的现象在孩子们感兴趣去发现的自然环境中很少发生。因此，D选项是正确答案。
(5) B
[解析] 第8段最后两句，众多研究表明，与自然接触对患有多动症的孩子最有益。虽然如此，我们还是把钱花在了药物上，而非绿化环境。因此B选项，提供更多的绿化面积，是正确答案。
(6) B
[解析] 第九段第一句：The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. 如果老年人有接触大自然的机会，生活状况会明显改善不少。第二句点出老龄人口增长的侧重点是在高质量的生活水平上，紧接着又指出绿色的生活方式是达到这种高质量生活水平的最重要因素。
(7) C
[解析] 第11段第二句话给出了答案，自然环境能减少暴力行为，因为其恢复过程有助于减少愤怒和冲动。因此，正确的答案应该是C。
(8) separated
[解析] 对应到文中第12段，humanity and the natural world are separable things，得到答案separated。照抄separable是不正确的。
(9) the wild word
[解析] 最后一段第二句：Without the wild world we are not more but less civilized. 照抄过来就行。
(10) harmony
[解析] 这道题考察的是最后几段的小标题，Five ways to find harmony with the natural world。因此harmony是正确答案。
[听力理解]
Section A 11. A) The man should visit the museums. B) She can't stand the hot weather.
C) The beach resort is a good choice. D) She enjoys staying in Washington.
[答案] D
[解析] Woman最后说到I'll be happy here no matter what the temperature. 这表明了她待在这里很愉快，很享受待在华盛顿，故选D。
12. A) Her new responsibilities in the company. B) What her job prospects are.
C) What the customers' feedback is. D) The director's opinion of her work. [答案] D
[解析] Woman说到but I wish the director would give me some feedback. 这表明了她希望得到director的意见(即反馈)，故选D。
13. A) Combine her training with dieting. B) Repeat the training every three days. C) Avoid excessive physical training.
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D) Include weightlifting in the program. [答案] C
[解析] Man以自己上次因运动(举重)过量而受伤为例，建议女士应该量力而行，避免过量运动，故选C。
14. A) When she will return home. B) Whether she can go by herself.
C) Whether she can travel by air. D) Whether she will completely recover.
[答案] C
[解析] Man开头就说到I'm worried about her going on a plane. 从中可知，他担心的是年老的母亲能不能乘飞机，故选C。
15. A) The woman knows how to deal with the police. B) The woman had been fined many times before. C) The woman had violated traffic regulations. D) The woman is good at finding excuses. [答案] C
[解析] 警察开头问到 Why didn't you stop when we first signaled you at the crossroads? 通过这句话就可以知道女士没有遵守交通规则，故选C。
16. A) Switch off the refrigerator for a while. B) Have someone repair the refrigerator. C) Ask the man to fix the refrigerator. D) Buy a refrigerator of better quality. [答案] B
[解析] Man说到 Maybe you should have it fixed，女士回答到You're right.
这说明女士也同意男士的看法，但并未提到让这个男士来修，故选B。 17. A) He owns a piece of land in the downtown area. B) He has got enough money to buy a house. C) He can finally do what he has dreamed of. D) He is moving into a bigger apartment. [答案] C
[解析] Man第二句话说到Now, I have enough money to buy that piece of land I've had my eye on and build a house on it. 表明他能实现买地建房的理想了，故选C。
18. A) She is black and blue all over. B) She has to go to see a doctor.
C) She stayed away from work for a few days. D) She got hurt in an accident yesterday. [答案] D
[解析] Woman说的第一句话是My hands still hurts from the fall on the ice yesterday.从中可知这位女士昨天在冰上滑倒受伤了，但是男士认为伤势并不严重，只建议她休养几天就可以了，不必去看医生。C是较强的干扰项，应该是女士现在需要休息而不是过去已经休息了几天，故选D。
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19. What do we learn about the woman? [答案] D) She was a witness to the crime.
[解析] 文中男士需要女士描述一下抢劫银行的人(describe the man who robbed the bank)。选项中B提到了robbery，但是对话中没有说明女士是受害者(victim)；D选项提到了她目击了某个犯罪经过，robbery显然是crime的一种。
20. What did the suspect look like?
[答案] A) A tall man with dark hair and a moustache.
[解析] 原文中提到The man was tall, six foot, and he had dark hair, and he had moustache.，对应选项A。
21. What did the man finally asked the woman to do? [答案] A) Identify the suspect from pictures.
[解析] 对话结尾处，男士要求女士look at some photographs，很显然，他的目的是让女士通过照片来辨别嫌疑人。因此选择A。
22. How did the woman get to know about the job vacancy? [答案] A) By reading a newspaper ad.
[解析] job vacancy指空缺的职位。在对话一开始，女士就说到她的目的：I'm calling about the job that was in the paper last night.从这句话中可以看出她得知职位信息的来源是the paper last night，对应A选项。
23. Why did the woman find the job appealing? [答案] B) She could work close to her family.
[解析] 本题关键词是appealing，意为引起兴趣的。女士提到她喜欢这份工作的原因是be near to the family.，close是near的同义替换词，因此选择B选项。
24. What had the woman been doing in Geneva? [答案] C) Working as a secretary.
[解析] 女士提到她在日内瓦做了一些secretarial work，也就是选项C中的secretary。虽然她也提到之前在大学学习，但是她取得的学位是a degree in English，而非选项D中的a degree in French.
25. What was the woman asked to do in the end?
[答案] C) Send in a written application as soon as possible. [解析] 对话中女士希望得到面试机会，但是男士要求先要递交书面申请(reply a writing to the advertisement)，并不是所有人都能得到面试机会，因此选择答案C。
26. D) They mistake the firefighters for monsters.
[解析] 细节题，从开始when children catch a glimpse of the masked fire fighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster一句中便可得出因为不熟悉消防人员戴面具的形象，孩子们以为来救援的消防人员是怪兽，所以躲起来。所以选D。其他选项文中都没有涉及到。
27. B) He often teaches children what to do during a fire. [解析] 本篇文章大篇幅讲的是Eric Velez给社区里的孩子讲解消防知识，让他们熟悉消防人员及消防工具的过程。选项A，put out fire虽然是Eric Velez的工作，但是本文重点不是在其消防员救活这个工作上，C、D选项很容易就可以排除。所以选B。
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28. A) He saved the life of his brother choking on food. [解析] 细节题，从Pete Gentry in North Carolina rescued his brother who is choking on food一句便可得出答案，文章中关于Pete Gentry的主要信息就是他救了噎着食物的弟弟。所以选A。做题时一定要把人名及其所做的事准确对应起来。
29. D) Informative speeches can save lives.
[解析] 主旨题，本文举了一个大例子，一下小例子来证明教育性的演说有救人性命的好处。虽然在文章最后也列举了下其他好处，但是主旨还是拯救生命。所以选D。其他几个选项都主要讲细节处，很容易就可以排除。
30. C) To make money for early retirement.
[解析] 本题考察原因，问为什么人们喜欢比较苛求但收入较高的工作，其实听力一开始就用in order to 给出了原因，即：retire early，所以选C项。
31. A) They may have to continue to work in old age.
[解析] 本题考察后果，问只为当下而活的人面临着什么危险，从“The earlier neglect of saving, however, makes it difficult not to work when you are older.”中可以看出A是正确选项，及在年老时有可能不得不继续工作。
32. B) Enjoying yourself while you can.
[解析] 本课考察文章作者的态度，从 “Postponing doing what you love and being with people you love until retirement can be a
mistake.”中可以看出，作者认为想等到退休后再做自己想做的事情以及和自己喜欢的人在一起可能是一种错误，所以选B，即趁着自己还可以的时候要懂得享受生活。
33. C) Innocent people being suspected groundlessly。
文章第一段中，由”How fair will that be”的前一句和后一句均可推出此答案。前一句即“一个邻居犯了法，所有的邻居们都成了怀疑对象”。后一句即“因为有些学生小偷小摸，所有的学生就都被当成小偷来看待„„”，二者表明一个意思，即“无辜者被毫无理由的怀疑属实不公平”。
34. D) Allowing only two students to enter at a time。
[解析] 第一个小故事中的一个关键句后面紧跟答案。该关键句为，\"A new sign in the window told the story.\" 而这个sign的内容就是紧随其后的\"No more than two students at a time\".
35. B) He was closely watched.
[解析] 此题需要自己稍作总结，最后一个小故事说到文中的“我”去药店，却一直被盯着；此事让“我”很是不满。
Section C 36. preserve 37. appreciate 38. households 39. chat
40. convenient 41. rates 42. receive
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43. submit
44. They are also sharing information about concerts and sports events, as well as jokes and their philosophies of life.
45. A hand-written note to a friend or a family member is the best way to communicate important thoughts.
46. This writing practice brings rewards that can't be seen in bank accounts
[仔细阅读] SECTION A
47. M) raised 48. L) psychological 49. E) contributions 50. A) abilities 51. B) achieve 52. N) smart
53. I) extent 54. J) indicates 55. G) essentially 56. H) eventually SECTION B PASSAGE 1 57. C)
[解析] 该题问单行道的意思是什么。文章第一段就说“It is pretty much a one-way street. While it may be common for university
researchers to try their luck in the commercial world, there is very little traffic in the opposite direction.”高校研究者到商界去碰运气可能很常见，但是相反的方向却人很少。也就是说很少有商界的人愿意回归学校做纯学术研究。所以选C，很少有工业科学家愿意放弃去一个高校工作。industrial scientists在文中指的就是商界人士。
58. A)
[解析] 该题问deterrent这个词的意思。这题有一定迷惑性，要根据上下文来判断。上文说的是很少有商界的人愿意回高校的。原因就在于薪酬(pay), 后面接着具体解释：没人能接受换个高校的工作后工资下降。所以deterrent这个词是表明原因的，要么是A选项阻碍因素，要么是C选项促进因素。而从上下文看薪酬是阻碍商界人士去高校工作的，也就是阻碍因素，所以选A。另外，如果知道deterrent这个词的意思话可以迅速作答：威慑因素。
59. B)
[解析] 该题问Helen Lee在职业生涯中期换工作的首要考虑是什么。第二段是这么说的：Her main reason for returning to academia mid-career was to take advantage of the greater freedom to choose research questions。利用更大的自由来选择研究的问题。也就是说之前不在academia的时候，没有那么多的选择空间：什么赚钱做什么，现在可以自己根据自己的喜好来choose了。所以选B。
60. D)
[解析] 该题问Guy Grant问什么选择做剑桥研究者。第三段的最后一句话是这么说的： He took a 30% salary cut but felt it worthwhile for the greater intellectual opportunities.所以这题选D。
61. A)
[解析] 该题问当工业科学家去高校教书时能做什么样的贡献。答案在最后一段：They are also well placed to bring something extra to the
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teaching side of an academic role that will help students get a job when they graduate。他们给学术角色的教书面带来了一些额外的东西，这些东西在学生毕业时可以帮助他们找工作。所以选A：提高毕业生在就业市场上的竞争力。
PASSAGE 2 62. D
根据题目中的关键词Willian Farr找到对应的出题段落——文章第一段。根据文章第一段中the biggest longevity(长寿) boost seems to come from marriage„直接可以得知D项正确。A项“交际活动能有效治疗疾病”和B项“好交际能提高一个人的生活质量”在文中找不到依据，文章的重点是讲述交际活动(主要是夫妻间) 对于寿命的积极作用；由文中marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's可知C项错误。
63. B
由关键词Linda Waite锁定本题的出题源应该在第二段。由第二段中的两个例子：一是患有心脏疾病的已婚老人要比没有相关疾病的未婚老人寿命长约4年；二是一个每天要抽一包多香烟的已婚老人和一个从不吸烟的离过婚的老人寿命几乎一样长。可以推断出B项“婚姻有助于人的身体健康。”A项“为了身体健康老人应戒烟”并不是Linda Waite的研究发现；C、D两项在文中找不到依据。
64. A
由问题中的关键词flip side找到此题的出题源——文章第二段。flip side的字面意思是“反面，对立面”，第二段短语flip side前面讲了两个例子来说明婚姻对老年人身体健康的积极意义(见63题解析) ，后面用however一转，又给了两个研究发现：一、夫妻双方当其中一个去世了，另一个在随后的几年内很可能生病或是离世；二、一人在照顾其换有精神错乱疾病的配偶时可能后来也患有相同的疾病。这两个发现显然都是夫妻生活的负面影响，因此选择A项。
65. A
由问题中的关键词social networks找到出题源——文章第二段最后一句。由all kinds of social networks have similar effects可推断选择A项。很显然这里的similar effects指的是marriage's effects。文章的第三段提到了社交网络对一个人的种种益处，但并未谈及B、C、D三项所陈述的内容。
66. B
题目问的是“由最后一段能推断出什么？”最后一段主要讲的是“要想寿命长就要建立社交网络”。有意思的是Christakis的这句话\"People are interconnected, so their health is interconnected.\" (人类是相互联系的群体，他们的健康也是如此) 仔细品味它的弦外之音，假如你的朋友个个身体欠佳，那么你身体也不会好到哪里去。由此可推断出本题选B项。
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67-71:DCDAB 72-76: CBABB 77-81: CCCDC 82-86: CADCB [翻译]
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87. To ensure that he can attend the meeting 88. is said to have been built
89. without the distinct environment of the earth 90. What impressed the tourists most 91. I return the book to the library
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