Directions:
The students’ Union of your university is planning to hold an arts festival next semester, and they are inviting students to contribute their ideas and suggestions as to how it should be organized or what should be included.
My Idea of A University Arts Festival
Outline 1： Opening:
With merely four months to go before the arts festival starts, my fellow students are getting increasingly enthusiastic in brainstorming for the significant event. In my opinion, typical activities such as performances, forums and lectures on art should be taken into consideration.
第一句话直接对directions 中的句子进行改写。适时添加细节“With merely four months to go before the arts festival starts”， 学生提意见使用了词组“get increasingly enthusiastic in brainstorming for”。后一句话提出全文主 旨，表明将从三方面建议：组织活动，论坛及讲座。
Main body：
分论点一：
The festival itself is an image-creating undertaking. Students should be attracted to the festival at the first glimpse，so fascinating performances, for instance, pop music, ballet dancing and instrument playing ought to be put on.
既交代了为什么要组织精彩的活动（如：The festival itself is an image-creating undertaking；Students should be attracted to the festival at the first glimpse），也交代了该组织哪些活动（fascinating performances, for instance, pop music, ballet dancing and instrument playing）。注意组织活动 to put on performances。可使用被动语态做句式上的变换。
分论点二：
Certainly only performances are too superficial. To help students take a deeper insight of arts, forums and lectures must be held. Forums can be held through BBS owning to the wide accessibility to Internet, whereas professors and experts can be invited to give lectures concerning basic knowledge of art and the role that art plays in daily life.
同上，搞论坛和讲座（放在一起谈）的原因（only performances are too superficial；To help students take a deeper insight of arts），也交代了如何组织（Forums - through BBS；Lectures – to invite professors and experts）。
Ending：
In brief, a university arts festival must embrace rich content. Undoubtedly, rich content can be realized only through careful and detailed preparation. Only then can the festival be successful and can everyone enjoy himself.
第一句话重申主题，后两句话深化主题（注意倒装结构的使用做结尾）。
Outline 2: Opening:
The university is playing an important role in nurturing well-rounded students. While providing courses in many fields, it should also organize activities of various kinds, such as arts festival, to enrich students’ lives and broaden their minds. In my opinion, the university arts festival should consists of presentations of diverse, high-quality visual and performing arts through the cooperative volunteer supports.
第一句点明了对大学生艺术节的看法。后一句话是核心观点：直接提出艺术节应该有哪几个关键点。几个关键词： diverse/high-quality；visual；performing/through volunteer supports。
Main body:
分论点一：
If I were the organizer, I would first launch a program to recruit some volunteers. It is not only because we need some helping hands in preparation works and communicating with sponsors and participants, but also because we need to make the students feel involved in this activity.
既然是my view型题目，要求你写你的观点或想法。所以只要是你的观点，多奇怪，多与众不同都没关系，关键是要用说服力很强的理由来支持你的观点。
比如既然一开始就打算写志愿者，那么要考虑到艺术节开始就得招募志愿者（recruit volunteers），所以这一点应出现在第一个分观点（I would first launch a program to recruit some volunteers）。然后也不能忘记用一两句话解释为什么要这么做（It is not only because… but also because…）。因为这个题目很少有人会想到这个点，你必须能自圆其说。
分论点二：
Then I would set a theme for the festival to ensure its high quality, and begin to collect artworks for later exhibitions, which would comprise arts of all forms as long as they are related to the theme. 分论点三：
In addition, I would also invite some contemporary artists and scholars to give lectures on topics ranging from introduction of classic works to cutting-edge trends.
分论点一主要是谈关于核心观点里的volunteers，分论点二，三两点可以验证核心观点中的diverse，high-quality。如：分论点二中提到set a theme for the festival以保证艺术节的高质量，而分论点二中的collect artworks/ later exhibitions以及分论点三种的invite some contemporary artists and scholars to give lectures又涉及到艺术节的多样性（diversity - 核心观点关键词）。为表现visual/performing可在分论点二中加入例子体现。 还要注意使用了first, then, in addition等表示先后顺序的关联词语，起到了衔接作用。
Ending：
In a nutshell, the university arts festival is a good choice to enrich student’s lives and broaden their minds, for it could expand the students’ awareness of beauty and encourage their appreciation and study of arts. It is worth students’ whole-hearted devotion and active participation.
结尾段，仅一句话。前半句是重复对艺术节的看法（注意与第一段中的句式只做了简单的改变，但切忌直接把第一段出现的句子原封不动搬下来！！！），后半句话即是升华主题。
段首in a nutshell这一短语是总结陈词时经常使用的连接词语。注意该段中并列结构的使用。“expand the students’ awareness of beauty and encourage their appreciation and study of arts”，其中and连接两个动宾短语，最后一句话中and连接两个adj. + n. 结构。注意it’s worth +doing/n.表示值得做某事，或有做某事的价值。
Outline 3: Opening:
I have just heard that he students’ Union of our university will hold an arts festival next semester. As a student, I hope it will be a great success. Considering the arts festival held in the past and they are approximately the same, I recommend that for the coming arts festival of ours, creativity be a key word.
主要观点：I recommend… creativity be a key word. (宾语从句使用了should+V原形结构)。
Main body:
分论点一：
To begin with, we can start the festival with an evening party.
举办一场晚会，这个论点很普通，要体现主要观点中的creativity，一定要用支撑信息说明如何体现新意：
- invite some students with special talent to give performances while some other students to act as judges. From their participation the students can find a new role in themselves. The students-featured evening party will likely attract a large enthusiastic student audience.
- Meanwhile, teachers’ presence will also be expected to enhance student-teacher interaction. 学生即当演员又当裁判
请老师参与看似普通，但加上以促进师生交流这个点可以体现点点新意。（艺术节还能达到师生互动这个目的。）
分论点二：
In addition, we can launch some programs that serve to enrich students’ knowledge of art, such as arts lectures and exhibitions.
举办与艺术内容有关的展览讲座。这个论点如果不加以解释，也会被视作与主题无关。需要进一步扩展： In this way, we can attach some new meaning to the arts festival; that is, our purpose of having an arts festival will not be confined to entertainment but go as far as educating the students. Particularly with the exhibits, the arts festival will have a more enduring effect than ordinary festivals.
传统意义上，艺术节以节目表演等娱乐性项目为主，教育类项目的设置也会是creativity的体现。但是一定要给必要的解释说明（如下划线部分！）
注意分观点的排列使用了to begin with, in addition；以及句型：the purpose of doing sth. will not be confined to + n./名词短语 but go as far as +名词短语/doing sth。(做某事的目的不只是…还包括…)
Ending:
All in all, it is my hope that the arts festival will be held creatively. I look forward to its coming and having a good time then.
第一句话仍旧是重复核心观点（用不同词性来做替代避免重复，比如主题句中用creativity，此处用creatively），后一句话简单引申。
2006
Direction：
The results have shown that 67 percent of students think that saving money is a good habit while the rest believe that using tomorrow's money today is better. What do you think?
Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money
第一段表明观点的句子：
1）As far as I am concerned, saving money best suits me and renders me the greatest enjoyment.（给予我最大的快乐） 2）How tiresome and meaning-less it is if one always thinks of working hard and saving money without appreciate the present life!（感叹句型开头）
3）Personally, I side with the former/latter.(表明观点直接套用句型。支持前面的观点/后面的观点。注：使用该句话，前面一定要交代Some people hold the view that…, while other people argue that…)
分论点一：
1）First and foremost, saving money can relieve one's anxiety in case of accidents, disease or other mishaps, serving as a preparation for a secured life.(支持saving money)
2）First of all, spending tomorrow's money may improve our living standards.(支持using tomorrow’s money today)
分论点二：
1）Besides, saving money can give one a sense of fulfillment. （支持saving money）
2）In addition, if people use tomorrow's money today, they will always keep themselves in a vigorous state, at the same time enjoy their happy and well-to-do lives.（支持using tomorrow’s money today）
分论点三：
1) Furthermore, the act of saving money may save capitals for our country’s constructions, and it contributes to facilitating the development of our society. （支持saving money）
2) Lastly, spending tomorrow's money also plays a significant role in the economy of our country. (支持using tomorrow’s money)
各分论点是按照熟悉程度排列的！！！
总结的句子：
All in all, with benefit to both our personal lives and the development of the country, spending tomorrow's money in advance/ a life of saving money all life long will be a sensible（resonable） choice, comparing with a life of saving money all life long/using tomorrow’s money today.
2007
Direction:
Nowadays, the internet has become part of people’s life, and millions of young people have made friends online.
Is It Wise to Make friends Online?
Outline 1 持反方观点 Opening:
With the internet becoming an indispensable part of modern people’s life, making friends online enjoys its great popularity, especially among young people. However, is it wise to make friends online, as many parents and teachers are worrying about? As far as I am concerned, I strongly oppose being addicted to making friends online.
Main body:
Reason 1: Too much attention to online friends distracts your concerns to the true friends and families in the real world. Reason 2: Beside, online friends are often disguised.
Ending:
In brief, it is unwise to make friends online. Those who are indulging in Internet should cast your eyesight to the friendship and kinship in the real life. What you should do is to seek solution, but not to escape.
Outline 1 持正方观点 Opening:
Nowadays, with the growing popularity of Internet, more and more people make friends online. It has become an increasingly hot topic whether it is wise to make friends online. (是非选择题目可直接用此句型+题目陈述形式！)Different people have different attitudes towards this issue. Some think it is a good idea while others are against it. As for me, I think it is wise in that it has more advantages than disadvantages. （直接套用句型）
Main body:
Reason 1: First of all, people get more opportunities to get acquainted with those who may share common interests and exchange ideas.
Reason 2: Secondly, it is both time saving and money saving to be with your friends on condition that you get access to the Internet.
Reason 3: What’s more, your friends may come from every walk of life, from whom you can learn a lot due to their diversified cultural backgrounds.
Reason 4: Last but not least, compared to the communication in real life, commutation online makes you feel free to get across your ideas.
Ending:
From what has been mentioned above, we can draw the conclusion that making friends online brings us more benefits.
2008年
Direction:
December 5th is International Volunteers Day. Since 1985, when the United Nations announced the special day, tens of millions of people around the world have volunteered to help those in need.
China now has 4.5 million registered volunteers who have provided more than 4.5 billion hours of volunteer work. What can you gain from volunteering?
The Benefits of Volunteering
观点论证型 + 渐进顺序
Outline 1: Opening:
Volunteering, in many people’s opinion, is almost a waste of time, Volunteers seem to gain little, if not nothing from their work. But actually it is not the case at all. Volunteers always find their work meaningful and worthwhile.本文主旨明晰
第一段为引论, 从大多数人认为volunteering 浪费时间,收获甚微引出作者自己观点, 也即文章主题(红字部分)
Body:
The most apparent benefit of volunteering is that volunteers can get valuable chances to get close to real society.
As most volunteers are young and inexperienced college students, it will help them a lot to witness social reality and take part in social activities. Another major benefit volunteers can gain is the cultivation of a sense of responsibility. By helping the weak members of out society, volunteers always feel on their shoulders the duty of citizenship which is necessary in maintaining good relationship in a family, a community and a whole society. A third benefit that is often overlooked by people is the happiness at the bottom of the heart. This is gained by simply helping others.
第二段从三个方面进行探讨: 1) chances to get close to real society; 2) cultivation of a sense of responsibility; 3) happiness(文中蓝字部分). 这三个方面都是较为具体的细节,能多角度地支撑主题, 且细节充分, 细节安排的顺序为: 接触社会---责任感---心灵上获得的快乐, 遵循了渐进的顺序. 细节之间有 the most apparent benefit, another major benefit, a third benefit (下划线部分) 等转折表达与,使语篇前后衔接连贯.
Ending:
Being a volunteer may not bring your any money, but surely one can gain a lot from their volunteering work which benefits their later life and work.
结尾部分呼应开头,再次点题.
Outline 2: Opening:
As an international metropolis, Beijing is the venue for various kinds of international meeting and events. When such conventions happen, college volunteers are involved to provide language service, coordination and other services. They gain a lot from volunteering. Indeed, volunteering do a lot of good to us. 本文主题句 本文首先以北京为例， 引入话题， 之后用Indeed,…（红字部分）直接提出自己的观点：..do a lot of good to us.
Body :
To begin with, by doing volunteer jobs, we can apply our knowledge and skills acquired in college to practice. By doing this, we are given the opportunity to see if we have got a good command of the knowledge. This is especially true for us who take foreign languages as majors, for real communication with foreigners is the touchstone for our linguistic ability.
What’s more, we can also gain experience from hosting meetings and obtain team work spirits. As is known, the success of the meetings or activities lies in the concerted efforts of both the organizers and volunteers. So by personal participation, we can realize the significance of team work spirits and gain the experience which is useful in job application and careers in future.
Finally, volunteering also benefits us both psychologically and physically. Being able to help others simply makes us feel good, providing us with a sense of spiritual fulfillment which helps to reduce stress.
1, 从三个方面论述参加志愿者工作的好处， 分别是 学以致用，培养团队精神及获得经验和有益健康（上文中蓝字部分）
2，用 to begin with ,… what’s more, .. Finally…引出三个分论点，层次清晰，有条理。
3， 本文论述中，使用了一些短语，如上文中的 by doing this, as is known…(黑色斜体部分)使句子衔接自然流畅。
Ending :
As is discussed above, volunteering can benefit us a lot in many aspects（重申主题，与第一段引出的主旨句相呼应）. We should actively apply for volunteering service to the community and the society.（最后呼吁大家积极参与）
2009
Direction:
Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people
worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. What is your opinion?
Will Tourism Bring Harm to the Environment?
Outline 1： Opening:
Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. As for me, I’m firmly convinced that too many tourists will bring harm to the environment.
直接借用简介，然后最后一句明确自己的观点，是最简单也是最安全的办法。
Main body:
More tourists means more pollution to the places of interest. On one hand, there do exist some people who deeply care about the surrounding environment and our mother nature. Therefore, they know how to protect the environment and respect nature. On the other hand, we can not assure that every tourist keep a good manner and behavior to the places of interest they visit. As we all know, people grow up in different family and social backgrounds; we can not guarantee that every tourist has a strong awareness of environmental protection. There are a great many of people who have formed such a bad habit that they may throw garbage here and there.
正反论述， 先正说，再反说。在不知如何分层次，分方面对总论点分而论之时将是一个不错的选择。
Ending:
To conclude/To sum up/ In conclusion/All in all, too many tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing the pollution they cause to a minimum.
Outline 2： Opening：
In recent years, tourism has developed rapidly in China. Many people believe that tourism produce positive effects on economic growth and we should try our best to promote tourism. But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment. As far as I am concerned, too many tourists will definitely bring harm to the environment.
第一句话直接对directions 中的句子进行改写。添加评论 “But what these people fail to see is that tourism may bring about a disastrous impact on our environment”，后一句话提出自己的观点。
Main body：
（topic sentence）The bad impact of tourism on the environment has mainly expressed itself in various ways. 分论点一：One way is the process of exploiting a new scenic spot. 分论点二：Another way the development of tourism has damaged the environment occurs when tourists go to scenic spots.
第一句用topic sentence 表明有几个方面，之后用One way, another way 来表示层次，两个论点按重要性要高到低排列。
Ending：
To conclude/To sum up/ In conclusion/ All in all, it is wrong to sacrifice the environment for the growth of tourism. We must keep in mind that too many tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing the pollution they cause to a minimum.
前两句话总结全文，后一句话深化主题。
Outline 3： Opening:
Tourism is a booming business in China. However, some people worry that too many tourists may bring harm to the environment, while others don’t think so. As for me, I’m firmly convinced that too many tourists will bring harm to the environment.
直接借用简介，然后最后一句明确自己的观点，是最简单也是最安全的办法。
Main body：
First and foremost, more tourists means more damage to the places of interest they visit. some tourists don’t have the awareness to protect the environment, and ignorantly throw their garbage here and there. Some people even kill the local wildlife to eat, which badly damages the balance of the natural environment.
Furthermore, more tourists means more air pollution, which will eventually do harm to the environment. With the increasing development of tourism, more and more people choose their private transportation such as cars to enjoy their travel. 按观点的熟悉程度排列。
Ending：
To conclude/To sum up/ In conclusion/All in all, too many tourists bring harm to the environment. We need to find a balance between satisfying the needs of tourists and reducing the pollution they cause to a minimum.
2010
Direction：
It was recently reported in a newspaper that six students who shared a dorm at a local university hired a cleaner to do laundry and cleaning once a week. And each of them paid her 60 yuan a month. This has led to a heated debate as to whether college students should hire cleaners.
Should College Students Hire Cleaners?
Outline1:改写开头+依次递减法 Should college students hire cleaners?
Recently, that six college students sharing a dorm hire cleaners to tidy the room leads to hot debate that whether college students should hire cleaners not. Some students think that it’s reasonable while others oppose to this phenomenon. As far as I am concerned, college students should not hire cleaners.
开头改写direction中句子的写法，保持基本意思。并过渡到是非判断现象，最后顺理成章提出自己的看法（一定要明确态度should或shouldn’t）
First and foremost, college students are economically independent. Hiring cleaners could be an additional burden to the families that support them.
Besides, having entered the college, the students themselves should learn to take care of themselves.
Last but not least, the cleaners who are hired to get access to the dorms could be a potential danger to the students living there, especially girl students.
中间部分分论点提出时一定要有信号词，且一定要成套，且分论点必须回答 Why shouldn’t college students hire cleaners.
To sum up/ In conclusion/ In a word, college students shouldn’t hire cleaners（豆腐） for its obvious demerits and even dangers to the students. As a modern college student, one should be independent and rely on himself if one really wants to survive the competitive world.（麻婆豆腐）
结尾部分在信号词后重申总论点，之后基于上述分论点论述升华论点。
模式：综上所述，一碗豆腐。且…..麻婆豆腐。
Outline2: 陈词滥调安全型+正反论点 Should college students hire cleaners?
With the development of the society, the people’s living standard has been upgraded dramatically. Accordingly, this upgrading is then transmitted to colleges. Recently, that six students in the same dorm decide to hire cleaners has led to hot debate. However, I strongly disagree with what they did.
开头部分陈辞滥调，虽无新意但亦安全。（随着社会发展神马都可能发生）。中间两句过渡到论题（生活提高—学生雇佣清洁工）上来。最后顺理成章提出论点（支持/反对）
On the one hand, as a college student, one must learn to be independent. Namely, one must learn to take care of himself.
On the other hand, if one hires cleaners to help him tidy the dorm, he will disgracefully put additional economic burden to his family.
正反论述（正面观点—支持本文总论点，反面观点—带来的消极因素），适合于任何原因解释型论题，在不知如何分层次，分方面对总论点分而论之时将是一个不错的选择。
To sum up/ In conclusion/ In a word, college students shouldn’t hire cleaners.（豆腐） As a college student, who has already been an adult, he must learn to lead an independent life and pave the way for his own future when stepping into the society.（麻婆豆腐）
信号词后总论点，继而升华（扩展）论点。
模式：信号词，此乃一碗豆腐；且…麻婆豆腐。
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