1. By right action, we mean it must help promote personal interest.
2. The poverty of the poor was caused by their having too many children.
3. The rich were not to blame for the existence of poverty so they should not be asked to undertake the task of solving the problem. 4. It is only the result or effect of the law of the survival of the fittest applied to nature or to human society.
5. People began to reject Social Darwinism because it seemed to glorify brutal force and oppose treasured values of sympathy, love and friendship. Therefore, when it was mentioned, it was usually the target of criticism.
6. The desire to find a way to justify the unconcern for the poor had not been abandoned; it had only been put off.
7. Government officials, on the whole, are good; it is very rare that some would pay high prices for office equipment to get kickbacks.
8. It is a very popular story and has been accepted by many but it is not true. 9. Belief can be useful in the search for truth, but more often than not it is accepted because it is convenient and self-serving.
10. George Gilder advances the view that only when the poor suffer from great misery will they be stimulated to make great efforts to change the situation, in other words, suffering is necessary to force the poor to work hard. 1. 贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。
2. 他们的贫穷只是一种暂时性的不幸，如果他们贫穷但却温顺，他们最终将成为世界的主人。
3. 热恋的夫妇应该在梅西百货商店过夜，而不是他们的新房。
4. 美国这朵玫瑰花以其华贵与芳香让观众倾倒，赞不绝口，而她之所以能被培植就是因为在早期其周围的花蕾被插掉了，在经济生活中情况亦是如此。这是自然规律和上帝的意志在起作用。
5.（它已成为）经济上收入不菲的行业。 6. 没有哪种压迫比身无分文更厉害，也没有哪种对思想和行为的束缚比一无所有来得更全面彻底。
7. 我们珍惜自由式对的。正因为珍惜自由，我们就不能以此为借口，不给最需要自由的人自由。
8. 不管他们生活在埃塞俄比亚，还是在纽约的南部布朗克斯区，甚至是洛杉矶这样的天堂，人们都决心不去为这些人操心。
9. 如上述所说，他在华盛顿高层当中有无比的威望。
10. 同情心，加上与之相关的社会努力是人们这个年代，最令人不快的行为和行动方针。 Unit3
1. What people do may unintentionally cause droughts, floods, and neat waves. 2. The Earth we see in photos, posters, and ads, which appears so beautiful, is not the true reflection of the world we live in, such image lulls us into complacency. 3. Human activities have taken place over such large areas and with such intensity
that they have already caused disastrous effects on ecology.
4. The fish could play its role because it became a necessary link with the processes preceding it and the processes following it in the ecological system. 5. When cars are produced to serve such narrow purposes, it is not surprising that some of their characteristic qualities are harmful to the environment. 6. The farmer applied more and more fertilizer, and the production did rise but did not increase at the same rate of the fertilizer. 7. People eat plants and animals, and their waste is flushed into the sewer system. After being processed, the waste is still waste. the residue will go into rivers, oceans, and will have harmful effect on the aquatic ecosystem.
8. If the ecosystems are not upset by outside intrusion, they will remain the same with very little change.
9. The characteristics of the objects and materials in the technosphere are rapid change and great variety.
10. If we take side in the war of the two words, we are doing so at the risk of failing to have a clear understanding of the nature and cause of the war, thus, we lose the chance to really solve the grave environmental crisis.
1. 我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果。
2. 即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的。 3. 与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程所决定的。
4. 现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生。
5. 尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙。
6.~~有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应。
7. 免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款。 8. 当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。 Unit 4 Nettles
1. The impact of Mike's leaving on my life was beyond my imagination. I didn't expect that Mike's leaving would have such a tremendous power that it would change the meaning of my existence completely. All my thoughts were about loss of Mike. 2. At that time, we were young mothers, and we were supposed to lead a terribly busy life full of confusion and bewilderment caused by giving birth to and raising babies. and our minds were supposed to be fully occupied by how to feed the babies and things like that. However, in the midst of all this we still felt the need to discuss some of the important thinkers of our time like Simone de Beauvoir and Arthur Koestler and T. S. Eliot's sophisticated work \"The Cocktail Party\". 3. I would be frightened, and my fear was not caused by my neighbor's visibly hostile and violent way of life, but by a kind of formless and hidden emptiness and meaninglessness of human existence. What happened around me was totally irrelevant to me, and I felt very isolated and alienated.
4. She did not ask me about my new life, either out of subtle consideration for my feeling about this sensitive subject or out of disapproval for my new life
style.
5. It would be a morally low thing, an indecent thing to commit infidelity in the house of a friend.
6. I knew that he was a person who had experienced the worst in life, the hardest experience a person might have to endure.
7. They experienced the worst together and they knew what it was like and understood the meaning of that experience. Such an experience posed the gravest test to people. If they stood the test, their friendship or marriage would be strengthened, and a sacred bondage would be formed between them. But if they failed the test, their relationship would be broken and they would be driven apart. 8. If they acted on love, they would take risks. They wouldn't do that or go further in their relationship, but they would rather let their love remain as a sweet trickle, which would flow on gently and permanently, and as an underground resource, which would never be fully tapped but would never go dry.
1. 这里的每一棵树都表现出某种神态。比如，榆树看上去宁静安详，橡树则咄咄逼人，枫树亲切友好，而山楂树则老气横秋、脾气暴躁。
2. 当他喊我的名字时，我会紧张万分，全身蹭地就像过了电似的，一种狂热的忠诚感油然而生。
3. 一天早晨，工作全部完成，这是意料中的事。井上了盖子，水泵重新安装好了，大家对清新的井水赞叹不已。
4. 我们大约每周都要在我家或她家厨房小聚一次。孩子们总是不断打扰我们，有时我们还会因为缺觉而感到头晕目眩，于是我们就用大量的浓咖啡和香烟给自己提神，开始天南地北地聊天，所谈的话题无所不包：我们的婚姻、奋斗、个人的不足、既有趣又有些丢脸的动机，以及我们曾有过的理想抱负。
5. 塞妮给了他干净的床单，免得在他留给我的床上重新叠被、铺床。
6. 我睡地很浅，没完没了地做着充满情欲的梦，中间还穿插着令人不快的小情节。 7. 紧挨着草地边上的灌木丛看上去似乎无法穿过，但走近了可以看到一些小缺口和窄窄的小径，这是被动物或找高尔夫球的人们踩出来的。
8. 看上去，天空的一大部分似乎脱离了主体，喧闹着、果断地压向地面，那形状虽然说不出具体像什么，但像是一种活物的样子。
9. 我们拥抱并不是出于身体的渴望，而是庆祝劫后余生的一种表示。 Unit 6 Death of a Pig 1. The tragedy has an ending---the killing of a pig and the serving of its meat.The killing deliberately planned and carried out efficiently, is the most serious type of murder. However,whether pigs should end their lives that way has never been questioned. 2. A pig could not ask for any better living conditions;at least no pig has ever complained.In a word,my pig lived in a pleasant environment.
3. A pig couldn’t ask for any better living conditions; at least no pig has ever complained.
4. Fred was quite excited about the event.He was down at the pigpen all the time because of his swollen joints,he moved about unsteadily.His face set apart the grass along the fence as he moved about. He was like a doctor,with his long, drooping ears dangling like a stethoscope,and he scrabbled on the ground as if he were prescribing some medicine. 5. When it was time to dose the pig, Fred became even more excited,and he managed to get through the fence,and acted as if he was taking charge of the medical treatment. 7. If a pig dies before he is supposed to, it is a serious matter for the whole community to remember.The whole community would share the sadness for his death. 8. The purpose of this essay is to show that I am sorry for what has happened to my pig,since I have failed to raise the pig and cannot provide a reason why my pig could’t grow the way other pigs have grown. 9. The pig's grave in the woods doesn't have a tombstone,but whenever somebody wants to visit it,Fred will show him the way.I know we will often visit it,separate or together,when we need to ponder over problems or when we are depressed. 1. 他站在那儿，轻轻地吮吸着剩下的油，有几滴从嘴唇边漏了出来。他看着我，害羞的短睫毛下那原本淘气的眼睛里充满了邪恶和憎恨。
2. 我们正在经历一段非常反常的天气，闷热且雾气沉沉。浓雾每晚笼罩着村庄，中午的几个小时雾会渐渐散去，但傍晚时又悄悄地潜回，先是覆盖树梢，接着一下子飘过田地，挡住了外面的世界，把整个村庄的房屋、人和动物都裹在其中。
3. 对于羞涩的、刚断奶的小猪，这一招常常很有效，能诱使他们吃东西；但对于一头生病的大猪，这个做法却丝毫没有意义，我发出的声音肯定只会让他觉得更难受。
4. 看到一头健康的猪精力充沛，人们常常也感到自己也是精力充沛。看到它狼吞虎咽地吃掉槽里的食物，人们就像是预订了今后的大餐。而当这一切突然结束，槽中的食物丝毫没动，任其在阳光下发馊时，猪的不适也就让人觉得自己也不舒服，生活变得失去了安全感，失去了平衡，变得转瞬即逝。
5. 现在这头猪的命运和我的命运紧紧地联系在一起，似乎（冲洗直肠的）橡皮管就是连接我们情感的纽带。从他生病到死去，我无时无刻不想着他。如何想尽办法让他脱离苦海成了我心里想的唯一的事情。
6. 这种醒悟来得太过突然，使我深感不安，因为我知道世事难料，在猪身上发生的事情同样也有可能在我身边其他看似平静之处发生。我想忘记这个令人不快的想法，但它总是不停地出现。
7. 我们大家凭着紧急情况下所产生的本能的合作精神，在黑暗中默契地配合。猪并没有反抗，屋子笼罩在黑暗中，给人一种安全感和亲切感。 8. 关于这最后一幕的描写显得有些冗长——阴沉的天空、杂乱的树丛、即将来临的降雨，以及传说中与尸体作伴的蚯蚓和烤猪时常用作点缀的苹果。 Unit 8 A Rose for Emily
1. The street used to house only the best families.But then great changes took place:garages and cotton gins were established on the street and their existence wiped out the aristocratic traces in that neighborhood. 2. It would not be true to say that miss Emily would have accepted charity. 3. What the ladies said meant that they did not in the least believe a man, any man,could keep a kitchen properly. 4. The Griersons regarded themselves as very important and the outside world as vulgar and full of people inferior to them.They belonged to two entirely different worlds.However,the complaints about the smell served as a link between the two different worlds and compelled miss Emily to deal with the outside world. 5. The next day the mayor received two more complaints. One of them was from a man who came and pleaded to the mayor in a shy and timid way. 6. People in the town felt that the Grierson family regarded themselves more important than they really deserved to be. The fact that miss Emily great-aunt,old lady Wyatt,had gone crazy had to do with this blind,excessive self-importance. 7. Ordinary people often become excited or worried when they get a penny more or a penny less.Being poor,now she would learn to appreciate the value of money like other people in the town. 8. But there were still others,older people,who said that no matter how sad miss Emily was (over her father death),she should not forget she had certain obligations as a member of the nobility,though a real lady would not describe her self-restraint by the expression noblesse oblige.
10. And the very old men confused the dates and years of past happenings. To the old people, all the past should be like a road that becomes smaller as it reaches further back. But to those old Southerners, the recent past of ten years or so was like a bottleneck, a narrow passage, things were pleasantly and fondly mixed up together. Like the green grass on the meadow never touched by the winter, their memories of the remote past remained blurred, sweet, romanticized, and unchanged. 1. 艾米丽·格里尔森小姐过世了，我们全镇人都去参加她的葬礼。男人们去是出于一种尊敬，因为一座纪念碑倒下了；女人们则大多是出于好奇，想看看她房子里面到底是什么样的。因为除了一位兼任花匠和厨师的老男仆之外，起码有十年没人踏进过她家的大门了。
2. 现在艾米丽小姐也加入到那些名门望族代表的行列之中了。他们在令人沉思的雪松的陪伴下长眠于公墓，他们的墓碑周围埋葬着一排排南北战争中在杰斐逊战场上阵亡的南军和北军的无名战士。
3. 艾米丽小姐在世时，一直是传统的化身，履行职责和给予关照的对象，这是全镇人沿袭下来的一种义务。
4. 老男仆把他们引进光线黯淡的门厅，厅里的楼梯通向更加阴暗的楼上。
5. 他们落座时，一股细细的灰尘在他们大腿周围慢慢扬起，尘粒在房间里唯一的太阳光束中缓缓地旋转着。
6. 因为她的骨架小，换了别人只是有点富态，而到她身上就显得肥胖了。 8. 甚至举行葬礼时这家都没派人出席。
9. 艾米丽就那样瞪着她，她的头向后仰，以便能与他对视，一直看得他转移了目光，走进去取了砒霜并包好。 Unit 9 The Bluest Eye
3. If his needs were physical, she could meet them. She could make him comfortable and give him enough or even more than enough to satisfy his physical needs. 4. Geraldine had seen black girls like Pecola at many places and many times in the past.
5. On the one hand, they were ignorant and uncomprehending. They did not ask question why their lives were miserable. On the other hand, as they were poverty-stricken and practically had nothing, their eyes revealed their desire for anything that could make their lives easier.
6. In the eyes of these girls one can see that they were in despair, without any hope for the future, and that their life was nothing but a waste.
1.她们在窗上挂了一块硬纸板做的牌子，上面的三边分别写着10磅，25磅，50磅，第四边写着“不要冰块”。
2.她们就读于政府拨地建造的大学以及师范学院。她们学习如何把服务白人的工作做得更细致：学家政是为了给他们烧饭做菜；学当老师是为了教育黑人孩子顺从；学音乐是为了让疲惫的主人身心放松，为他那业已麻木的灵魂提供消遣。 3.她只需斜眼看他一下，他就知道该到房后的走廊上去抽烟。
4.当她轻轻地抚摸他时，他会满意地舔着毛，伸着懒腰，张开嘴巴。
5.小路易把运动场看成是他自己的，小学生们都羡慕他有这么多自由，可以睡懒觉，可以回家吃午饭，放学后还能控制运动场。
6.他最喜欢玩“山大王”的游戏，喜欢被他们推下土山坡，让他们滚在他身上。 7.她深深得沉浸在对花的欣赏之中，突然，小路易喊道，“给你！”
8.佩克拉拼命拍门，这让他笑得更厉害了。他尖声笑着，几乎喘不过气。 9.不过，头垂得再低，她也看得到雪花纷纷飘落到人行道上并立即消融。
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