Town and Country Life in England
There is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others. In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own .They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. (154 words) Useful Words and Expressions: next door n. n．隔壁
the neighbors next他 door隔壁邻居
lonely adj ．孤独的，寂寞的，偏僻的，人迹罕至的 lonely life孤单的生活
a lonely old man一位孤独的老人 a lonely sand一个孤岛 the loneliest night最孤独的夜晚
on (one's) own独自；独立地；通过自己的努力 She lives on her own．她一个人过。
She go the job on her own．她自己找到了这份工作。 He Is now out of colleg6 and on his own．他现在离开了大学并且自己生活。
Passage 2
A Change in Women's Life
The important change in women's life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. (154 words) Useful Words and Expressions:
life-pattern 生活方式
effect [i'fekt] n. 结果，效果，作用，影响 The old system is still in effect. 旧制度仍然有效。 He is, in effect, my rival. 实际上他是我的竞争对手。 The medicine quickly took effect. 药物很快见效了。 share vt. 分享；共享，参与 n. 一份，部分，份额 share responsibility 共同负责 share a room with sb. 与某人共居一室 share the joys and hardships 同甘共苦 We shared the sweets. 我们分吃了糖果。
one's share of the cake分享的一份好处，应得的一份 Passage 3
A Popular Pastime of the English People
One of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what they do with their non-working time.
Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer, or autumn are likely to see gardens all the way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes
and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them.
But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves, If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do.
Looking at each other's gardens is a popular pastime with the English. (144 words)
Useful Words and Expressions:
③means n．（用作sing．）方法；方式；手段 a means to an end达到目的的方法 by all means务必；无论如何；千方百计地 by any means ［口］用一切可能的方法或手段 by fair means or foul不择手段地 by means of 通过；用；借助于 by no means决不，一点也不
by some means or (other）想个办法；以某种方法 leave no means untried想尽一切办法 not by any means一点也不，绝对不
The end justifies the means．［谚］只要目的正当，可以不择手段。 pot n．罐，壶
windbox n．窗台上的花盆箱，窗槛花箱 pastime n．消遣，娱乐
Swimming Is my favorite pastime．游泳是我最喜欢的一种娱乐。
Passage 4
British and American Police Officers
Real policemen, both in Britain and the U. S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they see on TV---if they ever get home in time.
Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them.
The first difference is that a policeman's real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what's more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to.
Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty-or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. (177 words) Useful Words and Expressions: think much of 重视，尊重 in court 在法庭上 criminal n．罪犯，犯罪者
guilty adj．犯罪的，有罪的 guilty look内疚的神色 the guilty party犯罪一方 a guilty conscience犯罪感
have a guilty conscience问心有愧；做贼心虚 be found guilty被判决有罪 be guilty of a crime犯了罪 Passage 5 Living Space
How much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, the more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, population and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are in interesting
questions. (147 words) Useful Words and Expressions: determine V．测定；决心；决意 determine the velocity测定速度 He determined to go．他决意要去。
I am determined to do better than Mike.我决心比迈克做得更好。 tend to v. 有某种倾向；有……的趋势
He tends to pitch the ball too high．他往往把球掷得过高。
People under stress tend to express their full range of potential. 处于压力下的人容易发挥自己全部的潜力。 survival n.生存
We need food and water for survival.我们为了生存需要食物和水。 Passage 6
The United Nations
In 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined. There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly, m the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.
The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States,
Russia, France, Britain, and China, The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.
The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.
It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars. (156 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Representative n．代表 General Assembly联合国大会 permanent adj．永久的，持久的 permanent address固定地址 permanent tooth成人齿 a permanent Job 固定职业 a permanent commitee常设委员会 Security Council n.联合国安全理事会 troop n．军队 Passage 7 Plastic
We use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink
from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles! Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them! (160 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Shampoo n．洗发精，洗发香波，洗发 manufacture vt．制造，加工 manufacture an excuse胡乱编个理由 half manufactured半成品（的）
a thing of home [foreign] manufacture本国[外国]制品 Plastic is an important manufacture.塑料是种重要产品。 bendable可弯曲的
experiment with用……做实验 Passage 8
Display of Goods
Are supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?
Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.
Sweets are often placed at children's eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.
More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there. (166 words) Useful Words and Expressions: aisle n．走廊，过道
roll them in the aisle ［口」使（观众）捧腹大笑 knock them in the aisle 使（观众）捧腹大笑 lay them in the aisle 使（观众）捧腹大笑 rock them in the aisle 使（观众）捧腹大笑
have them rolling in the aisle 使（观众）捧腹大笑 trolley n．手推车
checkout（超级市场等的）收款台 Passage 9 Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879. His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the religion's rules. Albert was a quiet child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction-to the north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things. (143 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: device n．装置，设备
leave to (one's) own devices听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事
She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。 compass n．指南针
beyond sb.' s compass某人力所不及
cast/fetch/take a compass 兜圈子，绕道，转弯抹角 keep sth. within compass把某种事物限制在适当的范围内 speak within compass s谨慎小心地说
within sb.'s compass某人力所能及的；在某人权力之内的 within the compass of在……的范围内 magnetism n．磁，磁力
Passage 10 Private Cars
With the increase in the general standard of living, some ordinary Chinese families begin to afford a car. Yet opinions of the development of a private car vary from person to person.
It gives a much greater degree of comfort and mobility. The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transport, and hence no irritation caused by waiting for buses or taxis. However, others strongly object to developing private cars. They maintain that as more and more cars are produced and run in the street, a large volume of poisonous gas will be given off, polluting the atmosphere and causing actual harm to the health
of people.
Whether private cars should be developed in China is a difficult question to answer, yet the desire for the comfort and independence a private car can bring will not be eliminated. (143 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Mobility n．活动性，机动性 hence ady．因此，从此 seven years hence七年以后
Hence the Play．因而就有了这出戏。
It Is very late；hence you must go to bed．时间已经很晚了，因此你必须睡觉去。
The town was built among the hills, hence the name Hilltown.该城镇修建在群山之中，故取名\"山城\"。 irritation n．愤怒 volume n．量 elimiimte vt．消除
Passage 11
A Henpecked Husband and His Wife
There was once a large, fat woman who had a small, thin husband. He had a job in a big company and was given his weekly wages every Friday evening. As soon as he got home on Fridays, his wife used to make him
give her all his money, and then she used to give him back only enough to buy his lunch in his company every day.
One day, the small man came home very excited. He hurried into the living-room. His wife was listening to the radio and eating chocolates there.
\"You will never guess what happened to me today, dear,\" he said. He waited for a few seconds and then added, \"I won ten thousand dollars on the lottery!\"
\"That is wonderful!\" said his wife delightedly. But then she pulled a long face and added angrily, \"But how could you afford to buy the ticket?\" (148 words)
Useful Words and Expressions:
henpecked adj．[口]怕老婆的，妻管严的 living-room 客厅，起居室 lottery n．奖券，彩票 a lottery ticket彩票，奖券 a great lottery 虚无缥缈的事 delightedly adj．喜欢地，高兴地 a delighted look高兴的神情 pull a long face拉下脸来 have a smiling face笑脸
have a face to say that脸皮厚得竟能讲出这种话
Passage 12
A Young Man's Promise
One day a young man was writing a letter to his have a face to say that girl friend who lived just a few miles away in a nearby town. He was telling her how much he loved her and how wonderful he thought she was. The more he wrote the more poetic he became. Finally, he said that in order to be with her he would suffer the greatest difficulties, he would face the greatest dangers that anyone could imagine. In fact, to spend only one minute with her, he would swim across the widest river, he would enter the deepest forest, and he would fight against the fiercest animals with his bare hands.
He finished the letter, signed his name, and then suddenly remembered that he had forgotten to mention something quite important. So, in a postscript below his name, he added:
\"By the way, I'll be over to see you on Wednesday night, if it doesn't rain.\" (154 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: Suffer vt．遭受，经历，忍受 suffer from a headache经受头痛之苦 suffer death丧生
suffer heavy casualties伤亡惨重
suffer from ill health身体不好 fierce．凶猛的，猛烈的 a fierce wolf一头凶猛的恶狼
the fierce glare on his face他那种凶狠的目光 poetic诗情画意的，浪漫的 poetic diction诗般的词句
a poelc romance诗一般浪漫的经历 poetic insight诗人般的洞察力 postscript n．附言，后记
Passage 13 A Kind Neighbor
Mr. and Mrs. Jones' apartment was full of luggage, packages, furniture and boxes. Both of them were very busy when they heard the doorbell ring. Mrs. Jones went to open it and she saw a middle-aged lady outside. The lady said she lived next door. Mrs. Jones invited her to come in and apologized because there was no place for her to sit. \"Oh, that's OK,\" said the lady. \"I just come to welcome you to your new home. As you know, in some parts of this city neighbors are not friendly at all. There are some apartment houses where people don't know any of their neighbors, not even the ones next door. But in this building everyone is very friendly with everyone else. We are like one big happy family. I'm sure you'll be
very happy here.\" Mr. and Mrs. Jones said, \"But madam, we are not new dwellers in this apartment. We've lived here for two years. We're moving out tomorrow.\"(163 words) Useful Words and Expressions: luggage n. 行李，皮箱 a piece of luggag 一件行李
check one's luggage寄存行李，打行李票 luggage-rack（火车上的）行李架 excess luggage超重行李
hand luggage手提行李（旅客随身携带） personal luggage 随身（小件）行李 registered luggage托运的行李 package n．包裹，包［ dweller n．居住者，居民 dwell vi．居留；居住
dwell in the country y住在乡下」 dwell in someone's mind留在某人脑海里 dwelli joy沉浸于欢乐之中
Passage 14
That Isn't Our Fault
Mr. and Mrs. Williams got married when he was twenty-three, and she
was twenty. Twenty-five years later, they had a big party, and a photographer came and took some photographs of them.
Then the photographer gave Mrs. Williams a card and said, \"They'll be ready next Wednesday. You can get them from studio.\" \"No,\"Mrs.Williams
said
please
send
them
to
us
The photographs arrived a week later, but Mrs. Williams was not happy when she saw them. She got into her car and drove to the photographer's studio. She went inside and said angrily, \"You took some photographs of me and my husband last week, but I' m not going to pay for them.\" \"Oh, why not?\" the photographer asked.
\"Because my husband looks like a monkey,\" Mrs. Williams said. \"Well,\" the photographer answered, \"that isn't our fault. Why didn't you think of that before you married him?\"(148 words) Useful Words and Expressions: fault n.过错，缺点，毛病 -Who broke the cup? -It's my fault, I dropped it. --谁把杯子摔了？
一这是我的过错，我摔的。
That's no fault of his. 这不是他的过错。
The fault lies with me, not with you. 这是我的责任，不是你的责任。 photographer n．摄影师
photograph n. 照片 take a photograph of 拍摄 studio n．照相室，工作室，画室 art studio 美术工作室
broadcast studio 播出演播室，广播播音室 TV studio电视演播室
film Studio电影制片厂，电视制片演播室 radio studio播音室
Passage 15 A Guide's Answer
In 1861, the Civil War started in the United States between the Northern and the Southern states. The war continued with great bitterness until 1865, when the Northerners were victorious. However, even today, many Southerners have not forgotten their defeat, or forgiven the Northerners. A few years ago, a party of American tourists were going round one of the battlefields of the Civil War with a guide who came from one of the Southern states. At each place, the guide told the tourists stirring stories about how a few Southern soldiers had conquered powerful forces of Northerners there.
At last, one of the tourists, a lady who came from the North, stopped the guide and said to him, \"But surely the Northern army must have won at
least one victory in the Civil War?\"
\"Not as long as I'm the guide here, madam,\" answered the Southern guide. (147 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: bitterness n．痛苦，悲伤，强烈的
bitter adj．苦味的，辛酸的，怀恨的；强烈的a bitter taste苦味 a bitter smile苦笑 bitter tears辛酸的眼泪
bitter remarks刻薄的话，恶毒的话 bitter discipline严格的训练 a bitter argument激烈的争论 victorious adj．获胜的，胜利的 the victorious army获胜的队伍 a victorious cheer胜利的欢呼 forgive vt．原谅，饶恕 party］n．一群人 battlefield n．战场，沙场 stirring adj．激动人心的 a stirring person活跃的人 a stirring speech 动人的演说 conquer vi．征服，战胜
the Civil War南北战争
Passage 16 A Qualified Pilot
The captain of a small ship had to go along a rocky coast, but he was unfamiliar with it, so he tried to find a qualified pilot to guide him. He went ashore in one of the small ports, and a local fisherman pretended that he was a pilot because he needed some money. The captain took him on board and asked him where to steer the ship.
After half an hour the captain began to suspect that the fisherman did not really know what he was doing and where he was going. \"Are you sure you are a qualified pilot?\" he asked.
\"Oh, yes,\" answered the fisherman. \"I know every rock on this part of the coast.\"
Suddenly there was a terrible crash from under the ship. At once the fisherman added, \"And that's one of them.\" (138 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Qualified adj. 有资格的 qualify as a doctor取得医生资格 qualify for the vote有选举权 qualify to do sth．使有资格做某事 pilot n．飞行员，领航员，引水员
captain n．船长，机长，队长 ashore adv．向岸地，在岸上地 rocky adj．多岩石的 on board 到船上，在船上
suspect v．怀疑，对…··有所觉察 suspect sb．of a crime怀疑某人犯罪 I suspected her motives.我怀疑她的动机。 crash n．碰撞，撞击声
Passage 17
Living Things React
You and all organisms live in an environment. An environment is made up of everything that surrounds an organism. It can include the air, the water, the soil, and even other organisms.
An organism responds to changes in its environment. When an organism responds to a change, it reacts in certain ways. All living things respond in someway.
Have you ever noticed how plants and insects respond to light? Plants bend toward light. Insects fly toward light.
Living things also respond in other ways. The leaves on some trees respond to a change in season. In autumn, they change colors and then fall off the branches. Animals also respond to a change in season.
Squirrels save nuts for the winter. Bears sleep through the winter in a cave.
You respond to your environment in many ways, too. You may shiver if you are cold. What other ways do you respond to changes in your environment? (156 words) Useful Words and Expressions: react vi. 反应，起作用 react against oppression反抗压迫 react on each other相互起作用
Unkindness often reacts on the unkind person.恶人有恶报。 The eye reacts to light.眼睛对光有反应。
The audience reacted readily to his speech.观众对他的讲演立即起了反应。
organism n．生物体，有机体 respond v．作出反应 squirrel n．松鼠
nut n．坚果，难解的问题
a hard [tough] nut to crack棘手之事；难对付的人 a tough nut果断顽强的人；难对付的人，无赖汉 deaf nut注定失败的计划;毫无所得的投机 deaf nut发疯；大发雷霆
He who would eat the nut must fiDt crack the shell．不打碎果壳，就吃
不到果仁；不劳则无获。
Passage 18 Flowering Plants
What arc the parts of a flower?
Flowers can have male parts and female parts. The female parts make eggs that become seeds. The male parts make pollen. Pollen is a powdery material that is needed by the eggs to make seeds. To make seeds, pollen and eggs must come together. The wind, insects, and birds bring pollen to eggs. Many animals love flowers' bright colors. They also like a sugary liquid in flowers. This is called nectar. While they drink nectar, pollen rubs off on their bodies. As they move, some of this pollen gets delivered to the female flower parts.
Over time, the female parts turn into fruits that contain seeds. Animals often eat the fruits and the seeds pass through their bodies as waste. The animals do not know they are working for the plants by planting seeds as they travel to different places! (147 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Flowering adj. 开花的 pollen n．花粉vt．传授花粉给 powdery adj，粉状的 sugary adj.含糖的，甜的
sugary foods甜食 sugary compliments奉承 a sugary smile甜蜜的一笑 nectar n．花蜜，甘露
taste the nectar of success尝成功之甜果 rub v．擦，摩擦 rub along和谐相处 rub off擦掉，擦破
rub out把（记号、笔记、笔迹等）擦掉
Passage 19
Finding the Direction and Location
How can you tell which direction? By day, look for the Sun. It is in the east in the morning and the west in the afternoon. At night, use the Big Dipper to help you find the North Star. It would be better to bring a compass because its needle always points north.
How do you know how far you have gone? You could count every step. Each step is about two feet. You'd better wear a pedometer which is a tool that counts steps. If you know where you started, which direction you are heading, and how far you have gone, you can use a good map to figure out exactly where you are.
Today there is a new way for travelers to figure out where they are. It is
the GPS. It has 24 satellites that orbit the earth and constantly broadcast their positions. Someday you may carry a small receiver as you hike and use GPS to find out if you are there yet! (167 words) Useful Words and Expressions: dipper n.北斗七星
compass n.罗盘，指南针，圆规 v．包围 pedometer n．步数计，步程计
head vt．朝向，前进；为首；率领；主持；领导 head south向南走去
We're heading home.我们正朝着家走。 Where are you heading for？你往哪儿去？
You're heading for an accident if you drink and drive．如果你酒后开车，势必会发生车祸。
Who headed the department？谁主管着这个部门？
His name heads the list for the candidates．他是候选人名单上的第一名。 Tom headed the ball into his own goal．汤姆把球顶进了自己的球门。 figure out v.．合计为，计算出
GPS abbr. Global Position System全球定位系统 orbit n．轨道 vt．绕……轨道而行 receiver n．接收器
Passage 20
Waves
How does light get from the sun to the earth? How does music get from the stage to the audience? They move the same way -in waves!
Light and sound are forms of energy. All waves carry energy, but they may carry it differently. Light and sound travel through different kinds of matter. For example, light waves cannot move through walls, but sound waves can. That is why you can hear people talking in another room even though you cannot see hem. The energy of some waves is destructive. An arthquake produces seismic waves.
Catch a wave. Ask a friend to stand a few feet away from you. Stretch a spring between you. Shake the spring to transfer energy to it. What happens? The spring bounces up and down in waves. When the waves reach your friend, they bounce back to you!
Light waves travel 300,000 kilometers (186, 000 miles) per second! They can also travel through a vacuum. That is why light from the sun and distant stars can travel through space to the earth! (175 words) Useful Words and Expressions: matter n．物质；内容；事情 reading matter阅读材料
This is a matter of no account．这是一件无关紧要的事。 I have an urgent matter to atend to．我有一件急事要办。
I have an important matter to talk to you about．我有件重要的事要和你
谈谈。destructive adj．破坏（性）的 seismic adj．［地］地震的 seismic waves震波
bounce v．（使）反跳，弹起 bounce back弹回 vacuum n．真空立
Passage 21 Soils
There are many different kinds of soils. Different soils have different types of rock and minerals in them. Some soils have more water in them than others. Some soils might have more plant and animal material in them, too.
Different kinds of soils are found in different parts of the world. There are several kinds of soils found in the United States. In some areas, the soil has a lot of clay. Other soils are very sandy. Loam is a kind of soil that has a good mixture of clay and sand.
In some places, soil layers are very thick. Lots of plants grow in places with a thick soil layer. In dry and windy places soil layers are much thinner. Layers of soil on mountains are thin because gravity pulls the soil downhill.
The type of soil in a particular place affects what kinds of plants can grow
there. (150 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: mineral n．矿物，矿石 clay n．黏土，泥土
loam n．（含有黏土、沙以及有机物质的）肥土 layer n．层，阶层 gravity n．地心引力，重力 downhill adv．往下
affect v．影响；感动；患（病），中（暑） be affected by heat［cold］中暑［着凉〕 Smoking affect health．吸烟影响健康。
He was deeply affected by my words．他听了我的话很受感动。
Passage 22 Crisis
Life is a contest! Who will win? A bluebird and sparrow both compete for space to build their nests. A fast-growing maple tree and slower-growing dogwood compete for the sunlight they both need. Oil competes with coal and nuclear power as an energy source for electric power plants. There is a problem. There is a limited amount of space for birds, sunlight for trees, and energy for people! If we do not cut back on our uses of some of our resources, someday they will be gone!
How can we use energy today and know we will have enough to go around in the future? We can choose alternate, or replacement, energy resources. It takes the earth millions of years to create coal, oil, and gas. They are nonrenewable resources.
Solar energy, wind energy and water energy are renewable. What other ways can we conserve our resources? How can we make sure there is always enough to go around? (159 words) Useful Words and Expressions: bluebird n.北美产的蓝知更鸟 sparrow n．[鸟]麻雀 compete for为……竞争 maple n．［植］枫，枫木 dogwood n．山茱萸 nuclear power n．核动力 power plant n．发电厂，发电站 alternate n．替换物
replacement n．代替者；替换物 nonrenewable resources不可再生资源 conserve vt．保存，保藏 conserve one's strength 保存力量
conserve our national heritage in the face of bewildering change在面临令人手足无措的改变时，要保护我们的民族遗产
Passage 23
America's Worst Surprise
December 7,1941 was one of the worst days in American history. Nearly all Americans who are old enough to remember that day can still remember what they were doing at the moment they heard \"the news\". The news was that America had been attacked!
Shortly before 2:00 P.M., a radio dispatch came into Washington from Honolulu, Hawaii, \"Air Raid, Pearl Harbor- This is no drill.\" Japanese planes had begun an attack on the largest American military base in the Pacific. They first destroyed planes on the ground. Then they bombed the ships in the harbor.
No one had expected the attack. So no one was prepared for it. And it did not take long for the Japanese to do their damage. When the smoke cleared, the Navy counted its losses- Eighteen ships had been sunk or badly damaged. Nearly 150 planes had been destroyed. More than 2,400 Americans had been killed and more than 1, 200 wounded. (157 words) Useful Words and Expressions: dispatch n.派遣，急件 air raid n.空袭 Pearl Harbor珍珠港 Drill n．军事训练，操练
Military adj．军事的，军用的，军人的 military base军事基地 a military bearing 军人的气度 military attire军人的服装 military service兵役 military operations军事行动 bomb n．炸弹Vt．投弹于，轰炸 sink［Sfor」Vi．（使）下沉 sunk sink的过去分词和过去式 Passage 24
Great Depression in the U.S
In 1929, the bills started to come in. American industry had produced too many goods. Americans could not afford to buy all of them. So factories had to cut down on their production. Many workers lost their jobs. Investors tried to get their money back. But businesses did not have enough money to pay them. Banks tried to get their money back from investors. But the investors could not pay, either. Too many people owed money. And few of them could pay their bills.
During the next few years, business got worse and worse. By 1932, banks all over the country were closing.
People without money could not buy goods, so more businesses closed.
More and more people lost their jobs. By 1932, more than 12 million Americans were jobless. Millions more were earning barely enough to live on. The country was in a great depression they had never experienced before. (151 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: bill n．账单，票据
foot the bill otheb 付账；负责 cut down on减少 investor n．投资者 barely adv．仅仅，刚刚 be arely of age刚成年
a barely furnished room陈设简陋的房间 He barely escaped.．他好不容易地才逃了出来。 live on v．继续生活，靠……生活 depression n．沮丧，萧条 Great Depression 大萧条
Passage 25
A Place of Our Own
We are all usually very careful when we buy something for the house. Why? Because we have to live with it for a long time. We paint a room to make it brighter, so we choose the colours carefully.
We buy new curtains in order to match the newly decorated room, so they must be the right colour. We move the furniture round so as to make more space or we buy new furniture---and so on. It is an endless business. Rich or poor, we take time to furnish a room. Perhaps some people buy furniture in order to impress their friends. But most of us just want to enjoy our surroundings. We want to live as comfortably as we can afford to. We spend a large part of our lives at home. We want to make a small comer in the world which we can recognize as our own. (151 words) Useful Words and Expressions: curtain n．窗帘，门帘 furniture n．家具，设备 a piece of furniture 一件家具 a lot of furniture许多家具 the furniture of one's pocket钱财
furniture of one's mind 知识，见闻，才能 furnish vt．装备，布置
furnsh a library with books供应图书馆书籍
I will furnish all you need．我愿供给你所需要的一切。 The house is well furnished.这房屋室内布置得很 好。 surroundings n．环境
The house is in beautiful surroundings.．这座房屋四 周的环境优美。
Passage 26 Travel for Work
You can see them in every airport in the world. They are businessmen and women who have to travel for their work.
When they first applied for the job, they may have thought of good food and hotels, huge expense accounts and fashionable cities. Now they hnave to sit in airport lounges, tired and uncomfortable in their smart clothes, listening to the loudspeaker announce \"The flight to Tokyo, or Berlin, or New York is delayed for another two hours\". Some people say to me, \"How lucky you are to be able to travel abroad in your work! You can go sightseeing without paying any money by yourself!\" They think that my job is like a continual holiday. It is not.
There are advantages, of course, and I do think I am lucky, but only because I can go to places I would never visit if I was a tourist. (149 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: apply for请求，申请
apply to the consul for a visa向领事申请签证 apply a theory to practice把理论应用于实践 apply a plaster to a wound 给伤口贴上膏药 apply paint to a house油漆房屋 apply one's mind专心于……
We must apply our energies to finding a solution．我们必须全力想出一个解决的办法。 expense n．费用，开支 accounts账目，账号
fashionable adj.时．流行的，时髦的 a fashionable hairdo时髦的女发型 become fashionable for a time风靡一时 lounge n．休闲室 go sightseeing观光 a sightseeing car游览汽车 a sightseeing party参观团 a sightseeing tour旅游观光
Passage 27 Intelligence
Are some people born clever and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience?
Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus,
the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, held by most experts now, can be supported in a number of ways. As is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people is, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. (154 words) Useful Words and Expressions: Intelligence n．智力，聪明
a boy who shows intellge6nce智力低下的男孩
Use your Intelligence，and you'll sure to achieve something．发挥你的聪明才智，你一定能取得成就。
have secret intelligence of the enemy's plans获得敌方计划的秘密情报。 extent n．广度，程度 to some extent在某种程度上
extent of one's knowledge某人的知识多少 see full extent of the park看到公园的整个范围 a vast extent of land辽阔的土地 unlimited extent无限空间
I agree with you to a certain extent．我在某种程度上同意你。 No one knows the extent of his debts．没有人知道他负债多少。 no amount of怎么（再多）也…··不
Passage 28
A Free Dress Every Week
The temptation to steal is greater than ever before especially in large shops and people are not so honest as they once were.
A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. The woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop assistant was her daughter. Believe it or not, the girl \"gave\" her mother a free dress every week! (148 words) Useful Words and Expressions: temptation n．诱惑，诱惑物
the temptations of a big city大城市的种种诱惑 resist temptation抵制诱惑，不受诱惑
a strong temptation to sb对某人十分强烈的诱惑 article n．物品，商品
an important article of food一种主要食品 article mix 商品组合
articles of daily use日用品 wrap vi.包起来
wrap sth. Up 把…··包起来 arrest vt.逮捕，拘留 n．逮捕，拘留
the arrest of a criminal suspect拘捕一个犯罪嫌疑犯。 a criminal under arrest 一个在押的罪犯
Passage 29 Time
Time is tangible. One can gain time, spend time, waste time, save tame, or even kill time. Common questions in American English reveal this concrete quality as though time were a possession. \"Do you have any time?\have?\" The treatment of time as a possession influences the way that time is carefully divided.
Generally, Americans are taught to do one thing at a time and may be uncomfortable when an activity is interrupted. In businesses, the careful scheduling of time and the separation of activities are common practices. Appointment calendars are printed with 15-, 30-, and 60-niinute time slots. The idea that \"there is a time and place for everything\" extends to American social life. Visitors who drop by without prior notice may interrupt their host's personal time. Thus, calling friends on the telephone
before visiting them is generally preferred to visitors' dropping by. (157 words)
Useful Words and Expressions: tangible adj．切实的 kill time 消磨时间 reveal vt．显示，揭示
possession n．拥有，占有，所有 a man of great possessions富人
In full possession of one's senses神智非常清醒 Personal possions个人财产
How did you get possession of it?你是怎样得到它的？
He gave up possession Of the house．他放弃了这房子的所有权。 The information in my possession is strictly confidential .我掌握的情报是绝对机密的。
scheduling n．行程安排，时序安排 slot n．缝隙 drop by v.随便访问 preferred adj.首选的
Passage 30 Cartoonists
In a good cartoon, the artist can tell in a few lines as much as a writer can
tell in half a dozen paragraphs. The cartoonist not only tells a story but he also tries to persuade the reader to his way of thinking. He has great influence on public opinion. In a political campaign, he plays an important part. Controversial issues in Congress or at meetings of the United Nations may keep the cartoonist well-supplied with current materials.
A clever cartoonist may cause laughter because he often uses humor in his drawings. If he is sketching a famous person, he takes a prominent feature and exaggerates it. Cartoonists, for instance, like to lengthen an already long nose and to widen an already broad grin. This exaggeration of a person's characteristics is called caricature. The artist uses such exaggeration to put his message across. (144 words) Useful Words and Expressions: cartoonist n．漫画家
campaign n．（政治或商业性）活动 controversial adj．争论的，争议的 a controversial movie一场有争议的电影
a controversial stand on human rights引起争议的人权立场 congress n．（美国等国的）国会，议会 sketch vi．绘略图，素描 prominent adj．卓越的，显著的 prominent tech突出的牙齿
a prominent nose大鼻子 a prominent doctor著名的医生 exaggerate v．夸大，夸张 exaggeration n．夸张，夸大之词 for instance例如
lengthen v．延长，（使）变长 knighted a dress放长衣服
Summer lengthens（out）into autumn．夏去秋来。 The shadows lengthen．天色渐黑；年纪渐老；死期已近。 grin n．露齿笑，咧嘴笑，张口笑
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