主题语境——人与自然之灾害防范
【语境概说】 本单元的主题是人与自然，涉及的话题是自然灾害与防范、安全常识与自我保护。单元话题可以使学生了解自然灾害，培养学生的灾害防范意识，对学生进行防灾减灾教育。同时，鼓励学生开展小组活动，增强合作意识。
Misfortunes tell us what fortune is.不经灾难不知福。
The last drop of humans will be tears of regret after environmental damage. 人类的最后一滴水将是环境破坏后悔恨的眼泪。
Nature is kind of a loving mother，but also a butcher in cold blood. 自然不仅是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。
Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking
1.Translate the following words and phrases. ①disaster n. 灾难；灾害 ②drought n. 旱灾；久旱 ③slide vi.& vt. (使)滑行；滑动
④flood n. 洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没 ⑤volcanic eruption 火山喷发 ⑥rescue n.& vt. 营救；救援 ⑦damage n.& vt. 损失；损害
⑧survive vi. 生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过 ⑨destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭 ⑩death n. 死；死亡
⑪affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
⑫shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险)
2.Brainstorming：Have you ever experienced any natural disasters？How many kinds of natural disasters do you know?
fire，earthquake，hurricane，flood，landslide，tsunami，tornado，drought 3.Describe what happened during the earthquake.
4.Finish Ex.1 on Page 48.
Finish Ex.2 & Ex.3 on Page 48.
1.Speaking—Finish Ex.4 on Page 49 by following the example.
Good morning.Today is 13 May.A huge earthquake hit Wenchuan，China，yesterday afternoon.At least 8，500 people were killed by 13 May in the 7.8 magnitude earthquake.Rescue workers and soldiers are working day and night to dig out those trapped in the ruins and help the survivors. 2.Pronunciation (1)听录音，对比发音
清辅音 浊辅音 /p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /k/ /ɡ/ /f/ /v/ /s/ /z/ /θ/ /ð/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/ /tr/ /dr/ /ts/ /dz/ (2)听词汇辨-ed结尾的发音
第一组： reached，kissed，talked，washed，finished，helped 规律：-ed在清辅音后读：/t/
第二组： enjoyed，welcomed，answered，carried，worried 规律：-ed在浊辅音及元音后读：/d/
第三组：wanted，started，needed，counted，painted，visited，added 规律：-ed在/t/或 /d/后读：/id/
语言知识积累
Ⅰ.单词
1.strike v.袭击；灾难突然发生 2.severe adj. 严重的；严厉的 3.rubbish n. 垃圾；废物 4.recover v. 痊愈 5.uncertain adj.不确定的 6.concern n. 担心；关心 7.exist vi. 存在；生存 8.attack v. 攻击；袭击 9.unite v. 团结；联合
10.hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的 Ⅱ.短语
1.rescue team 救援队 2.donate...to... 向……捐赠…… 3.rebuild one’s home 重建某人的家园 4.take on a new look 呈现新面貌 5.put up 搭建；张贴；提高
文化知识习得
震级
震级是指地震的大小；是以地震仪测定的每次地震活动释放的能量多少来确定的。中国目前使用的震级标准，是国际上通用的里氏分级表，共分9个等级，在实际测量中，震级则是根据地震仪对地震波所作的记录计算出来的。地震愈大，震级
的数字也愈大，震级每差一级，通过地震释放的能量约差32倍。
学习策略形成
1.听力技巧点拨
听力训练有非常多的形式：将听到的词或句子选出来、配对题、真假题、填充题、选择题、补全句子题、图表完成题。在听前，根据标题、图片、问题或选项可以预测听力材料的大体内容。
根据问题和选项进行预测是最常用的方法，一般的听力材料，大多数要求学生回答问题或选择正确答案，这些题目本身便为学生提供了可预测的内容。迅速浏览一下所提出的问题或问题中的选项，便能在听之前了解相当一部分信息。 2.清辅音与浊辅音的区别
英语辅音音素分清辅音与浊辅音，发音时声带不振动的是清辅音，如：/p/，/t/，/k/，/f/，/s/。发音时声带振动的是浊辅音，如：/b/，/d/，/ɡ/，/v/，/z/。 英语辅音大部分是成对的，分清浊两种。如：/p，b/，/t，d/，/k，ɡ/，/f，v/。英语中有一部分辅音是不成对的，如：/m/，/n/，/l/，/r/，/j/，/w/ 没有对应的清辅音，/h/ 没有对应的浊辅音。
1.rescue n.&vt.营救，救援
What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood-hit area? (教材P48) 救援人员和士兵在受灾地区做什么？ [合作探究] 体会rescue的用法和意义
The rescue car broke down on our way to the flooded area. 这辆救援车在我们去洪灾地区的路上出故障了。
Helicopters rescued nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building. 直升机从着火大楼的楼顶救出了将近20人。 He held on to a branch until we came to his rescue.
他抓住一根树枝，直到我们把他救下来。 [自主发现]
①come to/go to sb’s rescue＝rescue sb 援救某人 ②rescue sb/sth from... 从……营救某人/某物 [词块积累]
rescue team 营救队 wait to be rescued 等待救援 [巩固内化] (1)单句语法填空
①Tom rescued a boy from the river on his way home. (2)补全句子
②When we were trapped in the ruins，the soldiers came to our rescue. 当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。 2.damage n.&vt.损失；损害
Which buildings were damaged in Seoul? (教材P48)首尔哪些建筑物受损？ [合作探究] 体会damage的用法和意义
Damage caused by the earthquake disaster can’t be ignored. 地震灾害导致的损失不容忽视。
Eating too much meat one time will cause/do damage to your stomach. 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。 As we all know，smoking can damage our health. 众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。 [自主发现]
①cause/do damage to 对……造成损害；损害…… ②damage one’s health 损害某人的健康 [巩固内化] 补全句子
①Your father is angry because you have caused/done damage to the flower beds.(damage n.)
你把花坛损坏了，你父亲对此非常生气。
②He had an accident and damaged the bike.(damage vt.) 他遇到意外事故，把自行车弄坏了。
3.affect vt.影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动 effect n.效应；影响；结果 vt.引起；实现；使发生
82 killed，500，000 affected(教材P49)82人死亡，50万人受影响 [合作探究] 体会affect与effect的用法和意义
①The noise from the coming and going cars of the road affected our study. 马路上来往车辆的噪音影响了我们的学习。
②Most people present at the meeting were deeply affected by his speech. 出席会议的大多数人被他的演讲深深打动了。 ③My parents’ divorce had a great effect on me. 父母的离婚给我带来了很大的影响。 [自主发现]
④affect sb/sth 影响某人/某事 ⑤be deeply affected by... 被……深深打动 ⑥have an effect on... 对……有影响 [辨析比较]
(1)affect主要用作动词，意为“影响”，相当于have an effect on。
(2)effect作动词时指“引起；实现；使发生”，着重“造成”一种特殊的效果。作名词时指affect(影响)的结果，常用于短语have an effect on...中，表示“对……有影响”。 [巩固内化]
(1)选词填空(affect/effect)
①Don’t play around here！Your noise affects my job badly.
②Playing computer games too much will have a bad effect on your study. (2)补全句子
③The firefighter’s lung was affected because of breathing in the poisonous gas. 由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
④What you say or do will have an effect on others. 你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
4.shelter n.[C]避难处；居所 [U]庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避(风雨或危险) Shelters set up by the government(教材P49)政府设立的庇护所 [合作探究] 体会shelter的用法和意义
It’s so hot，and we’d better find a tree to take shelter from the sun. 太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
We sat in the shade，sheltering from the sun.我们坐在背阴处，避免被晒到。 Trees shelter the house from the wind.树给房子挡住了风。 [自主发现]
①take shelter from... 躲避……
②shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受…… ③shelter from... 躲避…… [巩固内化] 单句语法填空
①They found shelter from the storm in a garage.
②We must find a place to shelter (shelter)from the downpour. [思考] 请说出shelter作及物动词时的同义词并造句。 protect
The wall can protect/shelter our houses from being flooded.
Ⅰ.Listening
(Ⅰ)Listen to the first dialogue just once and choose the best answer. Why is the woman looking for her raincoat? A.It’s raining now.
B.The radio says it is going to rain. C.She watched the weather forecast on TV. 答案 B 听力原文：
W：Jack，have you seen my raincoat? M：No，but I don’t think it’s going to rain. W：But the radio says it is going to rain.
(Ⅱ)Listen to the second dialogue twice and choose the best answer. 1.Who is probably the woman? A.A soldier. C.A reporter.
2.What was the man’s wife doing when the earthquake happened? A.Sleeping.
B.Preparing for breakfast. C.Cleaning the house.
3.When did the earthquake take place? A.At 6：15. C.At 6：45.
答案 1.C 2.B 3.C 听力原文：
W：Good morning! Here is Juliet specially for the Morning News at 7：00 o’clock.This morning Northbridge，California was struck by an earthquake.The man beside me is Ben Parmer.Hello，Ben，can you tell me something about what happened? M：Well，I was outside to feed my pigs when I felt the ground moving left and right.I thought it was earthquake，but not serious.
W：What about your wife? What was she doing then?
M：I shouted at her.She was in the kitchen preparing for breakfast.I watched my watch; it showed 6：45.
W：Did she feel the earthquake?
M：Yes，she was very terrified.She rushed out of the house.
W：Thank you，Ben.The earthquake was level 6，and no buildings have been reported fallen yet.
Ⅱ.Listening and speaking
B.At 6：30. B.A volunteer.
(Ⅰ)Listening—Listen to the third dialogue twice and fill in the blanks. Dora：Steven，why are you so depressed?
Steven：I’m ①feeling very sad.I just read the newspaper. Dora：What’s the news?
Steven：According to the newspaper，the town was razed by an earthquake and more than 10，000 people died ②in the earthquake. Dora：It’s horrible.
Steven：Yeah，we have to do something to ③help the people in the stricken area. Dora：Yes.How about donating some money?
Steven：It’s ④a good idea.But where can we donate money? Dora：Just find the answer ⑤through the Internet. Steven：Yes，let’s do it now.
(Ⅱ)Speaking—If there were an earthquake coming，what should you do to protect yourselves?
The answer is open.
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